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On the role and challenges of CFD in the aerospace industry

机译：CFD在航空航天行业中的作用和挑战

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This article examines the increasingly crucial role played by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the analysis, design, certification, and support of aerospace products. The status of CFD is described, and we identify opportunities for CFD to have a more substantial impact. The challenges facing CFD are also discussed, primarily in terms of numerical solution, computing power, and physical modelling. We believe the community must find a balance between enthusiasm and rigor. Besides becoming faster and more affordable by exploiting higher computing power, CFD needs to become more reliable, more reproducible across users, and better understood and integrated with other disciplines and engineering processes. Uncertainty quantification is universally considered as a major goal, but will be slow to take hold. The prospects are good for steady problems with Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence modelling to be solved accurately and without user intervention within a decade - even for very complex geometries, provided technologies, such as solution adaptation are matured for large three-dimensional problems. On the other hand, current projections for supercomputers show a future rate of growth only half of the rate enjoyed from the 1990s to 2013; true exaflop performance is not close. This will delay pure Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for aerospace applications with their high Reynolds numbers, but hybrid RANS-LES approaches have great potential. Our expectations for a breakthrough in turbulence, whether within traditional modelling or LES, are low and as a result off design flow physics including separation will continue to pose a substantial challenge, as will laminar-turbulent transition. We also advocate for much improved user interfaces, providing instant access to rich numerical and physical information as well as warnings over solution quality, and thus naturally training the user.
机译：本文研究了计算流体动力学（CFD）在航空产品的分析，设计，认证和支持中起着越来越重要的作用。描述了差价合约的状态，我们确定了差价合约产生更大影响的机会。还主要从数值解，计算能力和物理建模方面讨论了CFD面临的挑战。我们认为，社区必须在热情和严谨之间找到平衡。除了通过利用更高的计算能力来变得更快，更负担得起之外，CFD还需要变得更加可靠，在所有用户之间具有更高的可复制性，并更好地理解并与其他学科和工程流程集成。不确定性量化通常被认为是主要目标，但把握起来会很缓慢。借助雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）湍流模型能够在十年内准确解决且无需用户干预的情况下，即使对于非常复杂的几何体，只要解决方案自适应等技术已针对大型三分系统成熟，该前景也很有利。尺寸问题。另一方面，当前对超级计算机的预测表明，未来的增长速度仅为1990年代至2013年的一半。真正的exaflop性能还差强人意。高雷诺数将延迟用于航空航天应用的纯大涡模拟（LES），但是混合RANS-LES方法具有巨大的潜力。无论是在传统建模还是在LES中，我们对湍流突破的期望都很低，因此，包括层流在内的设计流程物理将继续带来巨大挑战，层流湍流过渡也会如此。我们还主张改进用户界面，提供对丰富的数字和物理信息的即时访问以及解决方案质量的警告，从而自然地培训用户。

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