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The aerodynamic challenges of aeroengine gas-turbine combustion systems

机译：航空发动机燃气轮机燃烧系统的空气动力学挑战

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The components of an aeroengine gas-turbine combustor have to perform multiple tasks - control of external and internal air distribution, fuel injector feed, fuel/air atomisation, evaporation, and mixing, flame stabilisation, wall cooling, etc. The 'rich-burn' concept has achieved great success in optimising combustion efficiency, combustor life, and operational stability over the whole engine cycle. This paper first illustrates the crucial role of aerodynamic processes in achieving these performance goals. Next, the extra aerodynamic challenges of the 'lean-burn' injectors required to meet the ever more stringent NO_x emissions regulations are introduced, demonstrating that a new multi-disciplinary and 'whole system' approach is required. For example, high swirl causes complex unsteady injector aerodynamics; the threat of thermo-acoustic instabilities means both aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of injectors and other air admission features must be considered; and high injector mass flow means potentially strong compressor/combustor and combustor/turbine coupling. The paper illustrates how research at Loughborough University, based on complementary use of advanced experimental and computational methods, and applied to both isolated sub-components and fully annular combustion systems, has improved understanding and identified novel ideas for combustion system design.
机译：航空发动机燃气轮机燃烧器的组件必须执行多项任务-控制外部和内部空气分配，燃料喷射器供料，燃料/空气雾化，蒸发和混合，火焰稳定，壁冷却等。该概念在优化整个发动机循环的燃烧效率，燃烧器寿命和运行稳定性方面取得了巨大成功。本文首先说明了空气动力学过程在实现这些性能目标中的关键作用。接下来，介绍了满足日益严格的NO_x排放法规所要求的“稀薄燃烧”喷油器的空气动力学挑战，这表明需要一种新的多学科和“整个系统”方法。例如，高涡流会导致复杂的不稳定喷射器空气动力学；热声不稳定的威胁意味着必须同时考虑喷射器的空气动力学和空气声特性以及其他进气特性；高喷射器质量流量意味着潜在的坚固的压缩机/燃烧器和燃烧器/涡轮机耦合。本文说明了拉夫堡大学的研究如何基于先进实验和计算方法的互补使用，并应用于隔离的子组件和完全环形燃烧系统，如何增进了对燃烧系统设计的理解并确定了新颖的构想。

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  • 来源
    《The Aeronautical Journal》 |2014年第1204期|557-599|共43页
  • 作者

    J. J. McGuirk;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Aeronautical & Automotive Engineering Loughborough University Loughborough, UK;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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