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How to improve open rotor aerodynamics at cruise and take-off

机译：如何在巡航和起飞时提高开放转子的空气动力学性能

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摘要

A key challenge in open rotor design is getting the optimum aerodynamics at both the cruise and take-off conditions. This is particularly difficult because the operation and the requirements of an open rotor are very different at cruise compared to takeoff. This paper uses CFD results to explore the impact of various design changes on the cruise and take-off flow-fields. The paper then considers how a given open rotor design is best operated at take-off to minimise noise whilst maintaining high thrust. The main findings are that various design modifications can be applied to control the flow features that lead to lost efficiency at cruise and increased noise emission at take-off. A breakdown of the lost power terms from CFD solutions demonstrates how developments in open rotor design have led to reduced aerodynamic losses. At take-off, the operating point of the open rotor should be set such that the non-dimensional lift is as high as possible, without causing significant flow separation. This can be achieved through suitable amounts of re-pitch and speed up applied to a design. Comparisons with fully three-dimensional CFD show that the amount of re-pitch required can be determined using simplified methods such as two-dimensional CFD and a Blade Element Method.
机译：开放式旋翼设计的关键挑战是在巡航和起飞条件下都获得最佳的空气动力学性能。这是特别困难的，因为与起飞相比，空转转子的操作和要求在巡航时有很大不同。本文使用CFD结果来探索各种设计变更对巡航和起飞流场的影响。然后，论文考虑了如何在起飞时最佳地操作给定的开放转子设计，以在保持高推力的同时将噪音降至最低。主要发现是，可以应用各种设计修改来控制流量特征，这些特征会导致巡航效率降低，并在起飞时增加噪音排放。 CFD解决方案对功率损失项的细分显示了开放式转子设计的发展如何减少了空气动力学损失。起飞时，应将打开的转子的工作点设置为尽可能大的无量纲升力，而不会引起明显的气流分离。这可以通过适当的重新调整量和加快设计速度来实现。与完全三维CFD的比较表明，可以使用简化方法（例如二维CFD和叶片元素方法）来确定所需的重螺距量。

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  • 来源
    《The Aeronautical Journal》 |2014年第1208期|1103-1123|共21页
  • 作者

    C. Hall; A. Zachariadis; T. Brandvik; N. Sohoni;

  • 作者单位

    University of Cambridge, Whittle Laboratory Cambridge UK;

    University of Cambridge, Whittle Laboratory Cambridge UK;

    University of Cambridge, Whittle Laboratory Cambridge UK;

    University of Cambridge, Whittle Laboratory Cambridge UK;

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