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Recent extensions and applications of the 'CST' universal parametric geometry representation method

机译：“ CST”通用参数几何表示方法的最新扩展和应用

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For aerodynamic design optimisation as well as for multidisciplinary design optimisation studies, it is very desirable to limit the number of the geometric design variables. In Ref. 1, a 'fundamental' parametric aerofoil geometry representation method was presented. The method included the introduction of a geometric 'class function/shape function' transformation technique, CST, such that round nose/sharp aft end geometries as well as other classes of geometries could be represented exactly by analytic well behaved and simple mathematical functions having easily observed physical features. The CST method was shown to describe an essentially limitless design space composed entirely of analytically smooth geometries. In Ref. 2, the CST methodology was extended to more general three dimensional applications such as wing, body, ducts and nacelles. It was shown that any general 3D geometry can be represented by a distribution of fundamental shapes, and that the 'shape function/class function' methodology can be used to describe the fundamental shapes as well as the distributions of the fundamental shapes. A number of applications of the 'CST' method to nacelles, ducts, wings and bodies were presented to illustrate the versatility of this new methodology. In this paper, the CST method is extended to include geometric warping such as variable camber, simple flap, aeroelastic and flutter deflections. The use of the CST method for geometric morphing of one geometric shape into another is also shown. The use of CST analytic wings in design optimisation will also be discussed.
机译：对于空气动力学设计优化以及多学科设计优化研究，非常需要限制几何设计变量的数量。在参考文献中参照图1，提出了一种“基本的”参数翼型几何表示方法。该方法包括引入几何“类函数/形状函数”变换技术CST，从而可以通过表现良好的分析和简单的数学函数轻松地精确表示圆头/锋利的后端几何以及其他类别的几何。观察到的物理特征。事实证明，CST方法描述了一个完全由解析光滑的几何组成的基本上无限的设计空间。在参考文献中如图2所示，CST方法论已扩展到更通用的三维应用程序，例如机翼，机体，导管和机舱。结果表明，任何通用的3D几何形状都可以由基本形状的分布表示，并且可以使用“形状函数/类函数”方法来描述基本形状以及基本形状的分布。介绍了“ CST”方法在机舱，导管，机翼和机体上的许多应用，以说明这种新方法的多功能性。在本文中，CST方法扩展到包括几何翘曲，例如可变外倾角，简单襟翼，气动弹性和颤振挠度。还显示了使用CST方法将一种几何形状几何变形为另一种几何形状。还将讨论CST分析翼在设计优化中的使用。

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