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Systems and certification issues for civil transport aircraft flow control systems

机译：民航飞机流量控制系统的系统和认证问题

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The use of flow control (FC) technology on civil transport aircraft is seen as a potential means of providing a step change in aerodynamic performance in the 2020 time frame. There has been extensive research into the flow physics associated with FC. This paper focuses on developing an understanding of the costs and design drivers associated with the systems needed and certification. The research method adopted is based on three research strands:rn1. Study of the historical development of other disruptiverntechnologies for civil transport aircraft,rn2. Analysis of the impact of legal and commercial requirements, andrn3. Technological foresight based on technology trends for aircraft currently under development.rnFly by wire and composite materials are identified as two historical examples of successful implementation of disruptive new technology. Both took decades to develop, and were initially developed for military markets. The most widely studied technologyrnsimilar to FC is identified as laminar flow control. Despite more than six decades of research and arguably successful operational demonstration in the 1990s this has not been successfully transitioned to commercial products. Significant future challenges are identified in cost effective provision of the additional systems required for environmental protection and in service monitoring of FC systems particularly where multiple distributed actuators are envisaged. FC generated noise is also seen as a significant challenge. Additional complexity introduced by FC systems must also be balanced by the commercial imperative of dispatch reliability, which may impose more stringent constraints than legal (certification) requirements. It is proposed that a key driver for future successful application of FC is the likely availability of significant electrical power generation on 787 aircraft forwards. This increases the competitiveness of electrically driven FC systems compared with those using engine bleed air. At the current rate of progress it is unlikely FC will make a contribution to the next generation of single-aisle aircraft due to enter service in 2015. In the longer term, there needs to be significant movement across a broad range of systems technologies before the aerodynamic benefits of FC can be exploited.
机译：在民用运输飞机上使用流量控制（FC）技术被视为在2020年时间框架内逐步改变空气动力学性能的一种潜在手段。对于与FC相关的流物理学已经进行了广泛的研究。本文着重于对成本和与所需系统和认证相关的设计驱动因素的理解。所采用的研究方法基于三个研究链：rn1。研究民用运输机其他破坏性技术的历史发展，rn2。分析法律和商业要求的影响，并rn3。基于当前正在开发的飞机技术趋势的技术预见。金属丝和复合材料的飞行被认为是成功实施破坏性新技术的两个历史实例。两者都花了数十年的时间开发，并且最初是为军事市场开发的。与FC相似，研究最广泛的技术是层流控制。尽管在1990年代进行了六十多年的研究并取得了成功的运行演示，但这种方法尚未成功地过渡到商业产品。在经济有效地提供环境保护所需的附加系统以及在FC系统的服务监视中，尤其是在设想有多个分布式执行器的情况下，确定了未来的重大挑战。 FC产生的噪声也被视为一项重大挑战。 FC系统引入的额外复杂性还必须通过调度可靠性的商业需求来平衡，这可能比法律（认证）要求施加更严格的约束。有人提出，未来成功应用FC的关键驱动因素是787飞机前锋上可能会大量发电。与使用发动机引气的系统相比，这提高了电动FC系统的竞争力。按照目前的发展速度，FC不太可能为将于2015年投入使用的下一代单通道飞机做出贡献。从长远来看，在采用各种系统技术之前，必须有重大的发展。可以利用FC的空气动力学优势。

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