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Trade disputes in the commercial aircraft industry: A background note

机译：商用飞机行业的贸易争端：背景说明

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The long-running debate between the US and the EU over government supports for large commercial aircraft has recently boiled over into a major dispute involving the World Trade Organisation (WTO). While the two sides have currently backed off from what could be a very damaging WTO outcome, there are still wide differences over the legitimacy of government supports (direct or indirect) for Airbus and Boeing airliners. This paper: 1. Describes the background to the current dispute. 2. Analyses the 1992 US-EU Agreement on Large Aircraft Subsidies. 3. Outlines the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and the decision by the US to mount an action under the WTO complaints procedures against launch investment for Airbus and the EU's counter claim against Boeing. 4. Considers the precedents set by the WTO rulings on the Brazilian-Canadian dispute over regional jet supports. 5. Summarises the US-EU complaints to the WTO. 6. Considers potential outcomes and the implications for the civil aerospace industry on both sides of the Atlantic. 7. Analyses the wider issues surrounding government intervention in the aerospace sector. The paper views the dispute as a reflection of fundamental differences, based primarily on divergent economic doctrines and values, between the US and the EU states. There could be especially damaging consequences for the EU should the WTO rule against the systems of repayable launch investment used by the Airbus governments. But both sides could lose heavily from the affair and there is a good case for maintaining some form of direct government intervention in civil aerospace technology acquisition, even near market research, in support of environmental sustainability objectives.
机译：美国和欧盟之间关于政府对大型商用飞机的支持的长期争论最近演变成一场涉及世界贸易组织（WTO）的重大争端。尽管双方目前都对可能给世贸组织造成巨大破坏的结果表示支持，但在政府对空客和波音客机的支持（直接或间接）的合法性方面仍然存在很大分歧。本文：1.描述当前争议的背景。 2.分析1992年《美国-欧盟大型飞机补贴协定》。 3.概述了《世贸组织补贴和反补贴措施协定》，以及美国根据世贸组织投诉程序对空客的启动投资提出诉讼的决定，以及欧盟对波音的反诉。 4.审议世界贸易组织关于巴西和加拿大关于支线喷气机支持问题的裁决所设定的先例。 5.总结美欧对世贸组织的投诉。 6.考虑潜在的成果及其对大西洋两岸民航业的影响。 7.分析围绕政府干预航空航天领域的广泛问题。本文认为，这场争端反映出美国和欧盟各州之间的根本差异，主要是基于不同的经济理论和价值观。如果WTO反对空中客车政府使用的有偿发射投资系统，则对欧盟可能造成特别有害的后果。但是，双方都可能因此而蒙受重大损失，因此有很好的理由维持政府对民用航空技术采购的某种形式的直接干预，甚至是在市场研究的支持下，以支持环境可持续性目标。

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  • 来源
    《The Aeronautical Journal》 |2005年第1094期|p.157-166|共10页
  • 作者

    K. Hayward;

  • 作者单位

    Royal Aeronautical Society London, UK;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 航空;
  • 关键词

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