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New real-time heuristics for electrical load rebalancing in aircraft

机译：飞机电气负载平衡的新实时启发法

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摘要

The concept of more electric aircraft leads to increases in the amount of electrical loads, as well as the power consumed in the aircraft of the future. To utilize the power feeders, more symmetric, load balancing methods can be applied to swap loads between different phases of an alternating current (AC) feeder, or even between different power feeders. If the load balancing system reacts to measurement data during the flight in real time, the cable power losses and return network power losses, too, are reduced. In addition, the rate of power management interventions decreases. The load balancing problem in three-phase systems is a mixed-integer nonlinear nondifferentiable optimization problem, which is typically solved by elaborate and time-consuming nonreal-time optimization algorithms. The AC loads in aircraft have different power factors, which result in currents described by complex numbers. To determine a load swapping scheme in real time starting from a given load allocation with sparse swapping, new heuristics are presented. One heuristic is specially designed to solve the phase swapping problem by shifting single-phase loads between phases of a feeder. Another heuristic, based on the first one, is enhanced to more than one three-phase feeder and considers the swapping of single-phase and three-phase loads. The heuristics are tested by simulations of a comprehensive case study based on real measurement data from a modern passenger aircraft. To prove the efficiency of the new concepts, a test bench has been built, and several experiments successfully conducted.
机译：更多电动飞机的概念​​导致电负载量的增加，以及未来飞机中消耗的功率。为了利用功率馈线，可以应用更加对称的负载平衡方法来在交流（AC）馈线的不同相之间或者甚至在不同功率馈线之间交换负载。如果负载平衡系统在飞行过程中实时响应测量数据，那么电缆功率损耗和回程网络功率损耗也将减少。另外，电源管理干预的比率降低。三相系统中的负载平衡问题是一个混合整数非线性不可微优化问题，通常通过复杂且耗时的非实时优化算法来解决。飞机中的交流负载具有不同的功率因数，从而导致电流以复数表示。为了从具有稀疏交换的给定负载分配开始实时确定负载交换方案，提出了新的启发式方法。一种启发式方法专门设计用于通过在馈线的各相之间转移单相负载来解决相交换问题。在第一个基础上的另一种启发式方法被增强为一个以上的三相馈线，并考虑了单相和三相负载的交换。通过基于来自现代客机的实际测量数据的综合案例研究的模拟，对启发式方法进行了测试。为了证明新概念的有效性，已经建立了一个测试平台，并成功进行了几次实验。

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