Monopulse is an established array processing technique for fast and accurate angle estimation. This technique has been generalized to space-time array processing of any dimension. The statistical performance of this generalized monopulse parameter estimation has been characterized for several target fluctuation models but not for all cases. This gap is filled by this paper. We derive the mean and variance of the complex and real and imaginary part of the averaged monopulse ratio for all Swerling target models, deterministic targets (Swerling 0 case), $chi^2$ distributed targets with 4 degrees of freedom (Swerling 3 or 4 case) including a given detection threshold, for an arbitrary number of difference beams, and for an arbitrary number of noncoherent averaging of time snapshots. For completeness we give also the already known results for Rayleigh targets (Swerling 1 or 2 case) in the same notation. From these means and variances, the performance of all kinds of parameter estimates with the generalized monopulse formula can be calculated. Applications of these statistical descriptions are presented for planar arrays and adaptive beamforming and for space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for broadband interference suppression. From these examples some interesting conclusions can be drawn.
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机译：单脉冲是一种成熟的阵列处理技术，可用于快速准确的角度估计。该技术已经推广到任何维度的时空阵列处理。此广义单脉冲参数估计的统计性能已针对几种目标波动模型进行了表征，但并非针对所有情况。本文填补了这一空白。对于所有Swerling目标模型，确定性目标（Swerling 0情况），具有4个自由度的$ chi ^ 2 $分布式目标（Swerling 3或4），我们得出平均单脉冲比的复数，实部和虚部的均值和方差情况）包括给定的检测阈值，任意数量的差分光束以及任意数量的时间快照的非相干平均。为了完整起见，我们还以相同的符号给出瑞利目标的已知结果（Swerling 1或2情况）。根据这些均值和方差，可以计算出具有广义单脉冲公式的各种参数估计的性能。提出了这些统计描述的应用，用于平面阵列和自适应波束形成以及用于宽带干扰抑制的时空自适应处理（STAP）。从这些例子可以得出一些有趣的结论。
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