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Fundamentals of spatial and Doppler frequencies in radar STAP

机译：雷达STAP中空间和多普勒频率的基本原理

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摘要

The increasing interest for arbitrary antenna arrays in radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP) creates a need for a thorough understanding of the role of, and dependencies between, spatial and Doppler frequencies and related quantities, especially in the characterization of clutter. We successively introduce ldquogeometricalrdquo and statistical concepts, where we respectively emphasize the 4D direction-Doppler (DD) curve and the 4D power spectral density (PSD) that characterize the (clutter) space-time field. These descriptors, which are flight-configuration dependent, but antenna independent, are fundamental since they can be used to derive the key spectral properties of any antenna, essentially by rotations and projections. These descriptors are related in various ways, mostly because the DD curve is the support of the ridge of the clutter PSD. We also emphasize the surprising benefits of systematically considering the three spatial frequencies that are always present behind the scene, even for the customary linear antenna. A solid, simple, and elegant basis for thinking about STAP for arbitrary measurement configurations and antenna arrays is provided.
机译：雷达空时自适应处理（STAP）中对任意天线阵列的兴趣日益浓厚，这就需要对空间和多普勒频率以及相关量的作用以及它们之间的依赖性进行透彻的了解，尤其是在杂波的表征中。我们依次介绍了“几何几何”和统计概念，在此我们分别强调表征（杂波）时空场的4D方向多普勒（DD）曲线和4D功率谱密度（PSD）。这些描述符与飞行配置有关，但与天线无关，因此很重要，因为它们可以用来通过旋转和投影来得出任何天线的关键频谱特性。这些描述符以各种方式相关，主要是因为DD曲线是杂波PSD脊的支撑。我们还强调了系统地考虑总是在幕后出现的三个空间频率的惊人好处，即使对于常规的线性天线也是如此。为考虑针对任意测量配置和天线阵列的STAP提供了坚实，简单而优雅的基础。

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