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Evolution from analog to digital integration in aircraft avionics - a time of transition

机译：航空电子设备从模拟集成到数字集成的演变-过渡时期

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In the late 1960 and early 1970s the U.S. Air Force was undergoing major growing pains as airborne digital computers became available, but the sensors were still all analog. The introduction of digital computers and software as a central avionics integration tool forced the need of complex high-speed analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. These A/D converters were a major contributor to reliability problems and were a bottleneck for future upgrades and modifications. The future of digital integration was in jeopardy if a viable solution could not be found. The introduction of the digital multiplexed data bus provided both the needed flexibility and modularity that allowed digital integration to move forward. The digital time-division multiplex data bus is a tool to aid in system integration. Originally introduced to save avionic hardware interconnect wiring weight and ease computer interface requirements, it was considered the cornerstone of digital avionics. Through the use of the multiplexing technique many other benefits can be reaped. The resultant standard electronic interface permitted a building block approach to systems architecting and integration. Retrofits became easier, standard interchangeable sensors became a reality, and maintenance was greatly improved. Flexibility was probably the data bus' greatest attribute; reliability, built-in-test, redundancy and graceful degradation were added benefits
机译：1960年代末和1970年代初，随着机载数字计算机的问世，美国空军正经历着越来越大的苦难，但是传感器仍然都是模拟的。作为中央航空电子集成工具的数字计算机和软件的引入，迫切需要复杂的高速模数转换器和数模转换器。这些A / D转换器是导致可靠性问题的主要因素，并且是将来升级和修改的瓶颈。如果找不到可行的解决方案，数字集成的未来将面临危险。数字多路复用数据总线的引入提供了所需的灵活性和模块化性，从而使数字集成得以发展。数字时分多路复用数据总线是辅助系统集成的工具。最初是为了节省航空电子硬件互连的重量和减轻计算机接口要求而引入的，它被认为是数字航空电子的基石。通过使用多路复用技术，可以收获许多其他好处。最终的标准电子接口允许对系统架构和集成采用构建模块方法。改造变得更加容易，标准的可互换传感器成为现实，并且维护得到了极大的改善。灵活性可能是数据总线的最大特性。可靠性，内置测试，冗余和适度降级功能增加了好处

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