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Ultra-reliable real-time control systems-future trends

机译：超可靠的实时控制系统-未来趋势

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Today's aircraft use ultra-reliable real-time controls for demanding functions such as Fly-By-Wire (FBW) flight control. Future aircraft, spacecraft and other vehicles will require greater use of these types of controls for functions that currently are allowed to fail, fail to degraded operation, or require human intervention in response to failure. Fully automated and autonomous functions will require ultra-reliable control. But ultra-reliable systems are very expensive to design and require large amounts of on-board equipment. This paper will discuss how the use of low-cost sensors with digital outputs, digitally commanded fault-tolerant actuation devices and interconnecting networks of low-cost data buses offer the promise of more affordable ultra-reliable systems. Specific technologies and concepts to be discussed include low-cost automotive and industrial data buses, "smart" actuation devices with integral fault masking capabilities, management of redundant sensors, and the fault detection and diagnosis of the data network. The advantages of integrating the control and distribution of electrical power with the control system will be illustrated. The design, installation, and upgrade flexibility benefits provided by an all-digital and shared network approach will be presented. The economic benefits of systems that can operate following failure and without immediate repair will be reviewed. The inherent ability of these redundant systems to provide effective built-in test and self-diagnostics capabilities will be described. The challenges associated with developing ultra-reliable software for these systems and the difficulties associated with exhaustive verification testing will be presented as will additional development hurdles that must be overcome.
机译：当今的飞机使用超可靠的实时控制来实现诸如飞线（FBW）飞行控制之类的苛刻功能。未来的飞机，航天器和其他运载工具将需要更多地使用这些类型的控件，以实现当前允许失效，无法降级的操作或需要人工干预以响应失效的功能。全自动和自治功能将需要超可靠的控制。但是，超可靠的系统设计非常昂贵，并且需要大量的车载设备。本文将讨论带有数字输出的低成本传感器，数字命令的容错执行装置以及低成本数据总线的互连网络如何为更实惠的超可靠系统带来希望。将要讨论的特定技术和概念包括低成本汽车和工业数据总线，具有集成故障屏蔽功能的“智能”致动设备，冗余传感器的管理以及数据网络的故障检测和诊断。将说明将电力的控制和分配与控制系统集成在一起的优点。将展示由全数字和共享网络方法提供的设计，安装和升级灵活性的好处。将审查可在发生故障后立即运行且无需立即维修的系统的经济利益。将描述这些冗余系统提供有效的内置测试和自我诊断功能的固有能力。将介绍与为这些系统开发超可靠软件相关的挑战，以及与详尽的验证测试相关的困难，以及必须克服的其他开发障碍。

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