Risk-based decision-making is vital to ensuring the safety and security of flights over or near conflict zones and within environments where civil aviation faces significant operational constraints. Along with the nine risk areas outlined above, our analysis has identified 34 additional risk areas where the kinetic threat to flight operations is concentrated below FL260 or where civil aviation activities face significant operational constraints. For example, while the conflict zone environments in Iraq, Afghanistan and Somalia create complex issues within the airspace over each country, the kinetic threat to civil aviation is primarily present at altitudes below FL260. In the context of aviation security, there remains a need to perform intelligence analysis of the advanced weaponry capabilities of state and non-state actors globally to derive a realistic picture of the current threat environment throughout the world.
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