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Refractive sail and its applications in solar sailing

机译：折射帆及其在太阳帆中的应用

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Radiation pressure can be generated by interactions of electromagnetic (EM) waves with matter. Conventional in-space photonic propulsion systems like solar sails or solar photon thrusters operate by reflection of EM waves. This paper introduces a new type of solar sail which generates thrust by means of refraction of light through a thin film composed of micro-prisms. The main feature of the proposed refractive sail is its relatively large tangential radiation pressure, generated at near-normal radiation incidence. A method for computation of radiation pressure, by having the direction and power of input and output light beams, was introduced. Then a simple analytical approach for optimal design of the refractive film was presented, and ray tracing was utilized for computation of the radiation pressure to a good approximation. A refractive sail can be utilized in applications which a tangential force, especially at near-normal radiation incidence, is required. By utilizing this sail for orbit raising from low-Earth orbit (LEO), the minimum possible altitude for solar sailing can be reduced to about 500 km under the mean solar activity. Attitude control of solar sails along the sail's normal axis is another possible application of refractive films. Refractive films can also be utilized as solar collector (Fresnel lens) in space, which besides the convenience of their shape keeping, can be designed to be passively stable at the Sun-pointing attitude. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
机译：辐射压力可以通过电磁波与物质的相互作用来产生。常规的空间光子推进系统（例如太阳帆或太阳光子推进器）通过EM波的反射进行操作。本文介绍了一种新型的太阳帆，该帆通过光的折射通过由微棱镜组成的薄膜而产生推力。提出的折射帆的主要特征是其切向辐射压力相对较大，在接近法线辐射入射时产生。介绍了一种通过输入和输出光束的方向和功率来计算辐射压力的方法。然后提出了一种用于优化设计折射膜的简单分析方法，并利用射线追踪技术对辐射压力进行了近似计算。折射帆可用于需要切向力的应用中，尤其是在接近法线辐射入射时。通过将该帆用于从低地球轨道（LEO）升起的轨道，在平均太阳活动下，太阳航行的最小可能高度可以降低到约500 km。沿着帆的法线轴控制太阳帆的姿态是折射膜的另一种可能的应用。折射膜还可以用作太空中的太阳能收集器（菲涅耳透镜），除了保持形状方便之外，还可以将其设计成在指向太阳的位置被动稳定。 （C）2018 Elsevier Masson SAS。版权所有。

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