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Conceptual design and CFD analysis of a new prototype of agricultural aircraft

机译：一种新型农机原型的概念设计和CFD分析

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In the agricultural aviation, there are several aerodynamic factors that must be optimized in order to contribute to the successful application of agricultural products, such as the high aerodynamic efficiency (LID) required at the working phase and the influence of aircraft wingtip phenomena on the spray deposition and movement. For these reasons, in this research is presented the conceptual design of an advanced prototype of agricultural aircraft, whose main characteristic is an adaptive multi-winglet device installed on the wingtips, which optimized the main aerodynamic issues presented in its mission. Traditional aircraft design methods were used to develop and assess the suitability of the aircraft, focusing on its design requirements and tackling studies of weight sizing, pilot ergonomics, aerodynamics, stability, and performance. Subsequently, analytical and computational methods were used to design the adaptive multi-winglet device, which is composed by three winglets with its own geometry fitted on a tip-tank. Six configurations were created by modifying only the cant angle of each winglet in order to determine the arrangement that provides the best aerodynamic characteristics through a study of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using the Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. First, the flow around the wing and the multi-winglet section of the aircraft was investigated exclusively. Afterward, the airflow around the entire aircraft was studied at the product application condition, in order to compare the overall aerodynamic performance of the baseline concept along with the optimal multi-winglet configuration installed on the aircraft. Lift, drag and pitching moment coefficients were assessed, as well as the wingtip vortex structure of the most relevant configurations. Results of this study showed that adaptive multi-winglet devices are a promising alternative to improve the overall performance of an agricultural aircraft, because they provide control over the size and strength of the wake-spray interaction on the sprayed product, reduce the induced drag, reduce the bending moment and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the aircraft. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
机译：在农业航空中，必须对一些空气动力学因素进行优化，以促进农产品的成功应用，例如工作阶段所需的高空气动力学效率（LID）以及飞机翼尖现象对喷雾的影响沉积和运动。由于这些原因，在这项研究中提出了一种先进的农用飞机原型的概念设计，其主要特征是安装在翼尖上的自适应多小翼装置，该装置优化了其任务中提出的主要空气动力学问题。传统的飞机设计方法用于开发和评估飞机的适用性，重点是其设计要求以及对重量尺寸，飞行员人体工程学，空气动力学，稳定性和性能的研究。随后，使用分析和计算方法来设计自适应多小翼装置，该装置由三个小翼组成，其自身的几何形状安装在顶部水箱上。通过使用耦合的雷诺-平均-纳维-斯托克斯（RANS）方程对计算流体动力学（CFD）进行研究，通过仅修改每个小翼的倾斜角来确定提供最佳空气动力学特性的布置，从而创建了六种配置剪切应力传递（SST）湍流模型。首先，专门研究了飞机机翼和多翼机部分周围的流动。之后，在产品应用条件下研究了整个飞机周围的气流，以便比较基线概念的总体空气动力学性能以及飞机上安装的最佳多翼飞机配置。评估升力，阻力和俯仰力矩系数，以及最相关构型的翼尖涡旋结构。这项研究的结果表明，自适应多小翼装置是改善农机总体性能的一种有前途的替代方案，因为它们可以控制喷洒产品上的尾流喷射相互作用的大小和强度，减少诱导阻力，减少弯矩并提高飞机的空气动力学效率。 （C）2018 Elsevier Masson SAS。版权所有。

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