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Gust load alleviation in a flexible smart idealized wing

机译：灵活的智能化理想机翼减轻了阵风负荷

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Among the aeroelastic phenomena most commonly affecting flexible and very flexible aircraft, those caused by gusts deserve special attention due to their potential either in degrading flying qualities and ride comfort or in increasing structural loads. It is then of interest to structural loads and flight controls engineers that solutions be developed to attenuate the effects of gusts on aircraft. Particularly, the use of piezoelectric transducers arises as one of the potential solutions in the design of gust load alleviation and structural mode suppression systems. In this paper, the gust load alleviation on a flexible smart idealized wing using only piezoelectric transducers is analyzed and experimentally tested. The numerical model includes a finite-element model of the wing, employing two-node, seven-degree-of-freedom smart beam elements, assuming small deformations and neglecting transverse shear. A quasi-steady, strip-theory-based aerodynamic model is used. Two control laws are evaluated: one based on output feedback, and the other based on feedback of observed states of a truncated system. Using a gust generator, wind-tunnel tests were performed at different flow speeds and gust frequencies to validate the computational model and to verify the performance of piezoelectric transducers. The results show a considerable attenuation of the wing root bending moment, especially using two piezoelectric actuators. Important performance improvements were overall verified with feedback of observed states when compared with static output feedback, specially to decrease the participation of the elastic modes in the gust response. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
机译：在最经常影响柔性和非常柔性飞机的气动现象中，由阵风引起的气动弹性现象应引起特别注意，因为它们可能降低飞行质量和乘坐舒适性，或增加结构载荷。因此，结构载荷和飞行控制工程师很感兴趣，因此应开发解决方案以减轻阵风对飞机的影响。特别地，在阵风减轻负荷和结构模式抑制系统的设计中，压电换能器的使用成为潜在的解决方案之一。在本文中，仅使用压电换能器对柔性智能理想机翼上的阵风负荷进行了分析和试验。数值模型包括机翼的有限元模型，该模型采用了两节点，七自由度的智能梁单元，假定变形很小且忽略了横向剪切力。使用基于条带理论的准稳态空气动力学模型。评估两种控制律：一种基于输出反馈，另一种基于截断系统的观测状态的反馈。使用阵风发生器，在不同的流速和阵风频率下进行风洞测试，以验证计算模型并验证压电换能器的性能。结果表明，尤其是使用两个压电致动器时，机翼根部弯曲力矩的衰减明显。与静态输出反馈相比，通过观察状态的反馈总体上验证了重要的性能改进，特别是减少了弹性模式在阵风响应中的参与。 （C）2019 Elsevier Masson SAS。版权所有。

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