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Automated design methodology of turbulent internal flow using discrete adjoint formulation

机译：使用离散伴随公式的湍流内部流自动化设计方法

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摘要

An optimal shape design approach is presented for a subsonic S-shaped intake geometry using aerodynamic sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis is performed for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations coupled with two-equation turbulence models using a discrete adjoint method. For code validation, the result of the flow solver is compared with experimental data and other computational results. Through the study on turbulence models and grid refinement, results from several turbulence models are compared and the minimal number of grid points yielding an accurate numerical solution is obtained. And, the adjoint sensitivity code is also validated by the comparison with complex step derivative results. To obtain a sufficient and flexible design space, NURBS equations are employed as a geometric representation and a new grid modification technique, Least Square NURBS Grid Approximation is applied. With the verified flow solver, sensitivity analysis code and geometric modification technique, the optimization of the S-shaped intake is carried out and the enhancement of overall intake performance is achieved. In addition, the off-design performance of a designed S-shaped intake is tested to confirm the robustness of the current design approach. As a result, the capability and efficiency of the present design tools are successfully demonstrated in three-dimensional high Reynolds subsonic intake design.
机译：使用空气动力学灵敏度分析，为亚音速S形进气道提出了一种最佳形状设计方法。使用离散伴随方法，对带有两方程湍流模型的三维Navier-Stokes方程进行了灵敏度分析。为了进行代码验证，将流量求解器的结果与实验数据和其他计算结果进行比较。通过对湍流模型和网格细化的研究，比较了几种湍流模型的结果，并获得了产生精确数值解的最小网格点数。并且，还通过与复杂的阶跃导数结果进行比较来验证伴随灵敏度代码。为了获得足够灵活的设计空间，将NURBS方程用作几何表示，并应用了一种新的网格修改技术，即最小二乘NURBS网格逼近。利用经过验证的流量求解器，灵敏度分析代码和几何修改技术，对S形进气口进行了优化，从而提高了整体进气性能。此外，还测试了设计的S形进气口的非设计性能，以确认当前设计方法的稳健性。结果，本设计工具的能力和效率在三维高雷诺亚超音速进气设计中得到了成功证明。

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