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E-CATS: First time demonstration of embedded training in a combat aircraft

机译：E-CATS：战斗机中嵌入式训练的首次演示

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Air Forces are facing difficulties in training pilots effectively for their missions. Due to a reduction of defense budgets, fewer resources can be made available for training. In addition, airspace available for training is limited, especially in Europe, and this is aggravated by the increase in the range of advanced weapon systems. Moreover, only few Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) sites are available for suitable training. Embedded Training (ET) is considered to be a potential solution for these problems. ET for fighter aircraft is a capability installed in an operational fighter to train the pilot while operating the aircraft in a situation it was designed for, but which is not available in everyday life. Thereto, the ET capability generates simulated threats and feeds them into the various avionics systems of the aircraft. This allows pilots to train against a virtual force, or a virtually augmented real force. Benefits of employing ET include cost reduction (fewer real aircraft are needed to act as enemy), use of smaller training airspace (simulated threats may move outside this space), and the potential to train anywhere, at any time. NLR, Dutch Space, and the Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) have jointly developed an ET system to demonstrate the feasibility of current technology for implementing an ET capability in fighter aircraft. The system, installed in an RNLAF F-16B, supports training for ground-to-air and (one-versus-two) air-to-air engagements. It consists of two units; one unit executes the ET simulations and provides most of the required interfaces with aircraft systems, while the other unit is dedicated to interfacing with the radar processing chain. The system was evaluated by demonstrating it to a group of pilots and engineers and collecting their expert opinions. It was concluded that embedded training has considerable value for a variety of training objectives related to Beyond Visual Range tactics, and it is expected that embedded training will play an important role in the future mission training of fighter-aircraft pilots.
机译：空军在有效培训飞行员执行任务方面面临困难。由于国防预算的减少，可以将更少的资源用于培训。另外，可用于训练的空域是有限的，尤其是在欧洲，高级武器系统范围的增加使情况更加恶化。此外，只有很少的地空导弹（SAM）场地可供进行适当的训练。嵌入式培训（ET）被认为是这些问题的潜在解决方案。战斗机的ET是一种在战斗机中安装的功能，用于在其设计的特定情况下操作飞机时训练飞行员，但这种功能在日常生活中不可用。 ET能力还可以生成模拟威胁，并将其馈入飞机的各种航空电子系统。这使飞行员可以抵抗虚拟力量或虚拟增加的真实力量进行训练。使用ET的好处包括降低成本（减少使用实际飞机作为敌机所需的费用），使用较小的训练空域（模拟威胁可能会移到该空间之外）以及随时随地进行训练的潜力。 NLR，荷兰航天局和荷兰皇家空军（RNLAF）共同开发了ET系统，以证明当前技术在战斗机中实现ET能力的可行性。该系统安装在RNLAF F-16B中，支持对地对空和（一对二）空对空交战的训练。它由两个单元组成；一个单元执行ET模拟，并提供与飞机系统的大多数所需接口，而另一个单元专用于与雷达处理链的接口。通过向一组飞行员和工程师展示该系统并收集他们的专家意见对该系统进行了评估。结论是，嵌入式训练对于与超越视距战术有关的各种训练目标具有相当大的价值，并且预计嵌入式训练将在未来战斗机飞行员的任务训练中发挥重要作用。

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