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Status of Maize Threshing in India

机译：印度玉米脱粒状况

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摘要

In India, maize is emerging as the third most important crop after rice and wheat, and it has significance as a source of a large number of industrial products besides its use as human food and animal feed. Maize is also a versatile crop, allowing it to grow across a range of agro-ecological zones. Every part of maize has economic value as the grain, leaves, main crop stalk, tassel and cob can all be used to produce a large variety of food and non-food products. In India maize is grown in all the seasons, i.e., kharif, rabi and summer. After harvesting with sickle and plucking of cob manually, dehusking of cob is done by hand to remove its outer sheath and further grain is obtained by shelling the cob traditionally, i.e., by beating the dehusked cobs with sticks or with fingers or sickle, etc. This activity is mostly done by farm women. The output in terms of dehusking-shelling maize cobs was reported to be 30 kg/h with 8.3 percent grain damage in the traditional system (dehusking by hand and shelling by beating wooden sticks). From a random sample of 200 un-dehusked dry cobs, the minimum and maximum lengths were found to be 160 and 265 mm with varied maximum diameter of 36 to 52 mm. The equipment for shelling has been developed and commercialized. For dehusking-shelling maize cobs, power operated equipment has been developed and are being commercialized. This equipment may be suitable for an economically strong group of farmers (medium and large farmers) while in the country, about 80.3 percent of farmers of marginal and small size groups operate 36 percent of the area. In the paper, design considerations for developing a hand operated maize dehusker-sheller are given that can be utilized for developing equipment suitable for women workers.
机译：在印度，玉米正成为仅次于水稻和小麦的第三大重要农作物，除用作人类食品和动物饲料外，它还作为众多工业产品的来源具有重要意义。玉米也是一种多用途作物，可以在多种农业生态区中生长。玉米的每个部分都具有经济价值，因为谷物，叶片，主要农作物秸秆，流苏和穗轴都可用于生产各种食品和非食品。在印度，玉米在所有季节都生长，即哈里夫，狂犬病和夏季。在用镰刀收获并手动拔除穗轴后，用手去壳去壳以除去其外皮，并且按传统方式对壳去壳，即通过用棍棒，手指或镰刀等打碎去壳的穗轴，可获得更多谷物。这项活动主要由农场妇女完成。据报道，在传统系统中，以脱壳玉米棒的产量为30 kg / h，谷物损失为8.3％（手工脱壳和用木棍打壳）。从200个未脱壳的干穗轴的随机样本中，发现最小和最大长度分别为160和265毫米，最大直径变化为36至52毫米。脱壳设备已开发并商业化。对于脱壳玉米棒，已经开发了动力操作的设备并且正在商业化。该设备可能适合经济上有实力的农民群体（中型和大型农民），而在该国，约80.3％的边缘和小规模农民群体经营该地区的36％。在本文中，给出了开发手动玉米剥壳机的设计注意事项，该剥皮机可用于开发适合女工的设备。

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  • 来源
    《AMA》 |2011年第3期|p.21-28|共8页
  • 作者

    S.P.Singh; Surendra Singh; Pratap Singh;

  • 作者单位

    Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Campus, Bhopal - 462 038,INDIA;

    Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Nabi Bagh, Bhopal-462038 INDIA;

    Director of Research,Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology Udaipur-713 001 INDIA;

  • 收录信息 美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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