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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America >Prospective Technologies, Types and Calculation of the Technical Means for the Production of Forages in Arid Regions of the Country
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Prospective Technologies, Types and Calculation of the Technical Means for the Production of Forages in Arid Regions of the Country

机译：该国干旱地区牧草生产的预期技术，类型和技术手段的计算

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In arid regions of the country with their adverse water and temperature regimes the rational use of pastures significantly contributes to the preservation of the productivity of vegetation cover. It was shown that within a few years of intensive use of hayfields and pastures, legumes begin to degenerate. Their presence in the herbage should be maintained in various ways. It was noted that simple sowing of legumes in the existing herbage is impractical due to the fact that young sprouts of legumes will be suppressed by cereal native vegetation. On the pastures it is advisable to improve the surface quality of the crop, the cost of which is 2-3 times lower than that of the radical improvement. It was found that the most effective method of surface improvement is a strip tillage and sowing legumes with local application of the fertilizers. There has been developed methodologies and identified the types of combined machines for processing of the degenerating plots of the grassland with sowing of the grass seeds and local application of mineral fertilizers. It is shown that the developed methods and the combined unit for strip processing of fodder grounds lead to an increase in the yield of 1.8-2.5 times and allow to reduce the consumption of fuel by 40-50 percent. The volume of work on restoration of the productivity of degraded grassland has been denned. The quantity of needed grassland machinery and the relevant technical-economic indicators of the scheduled lane-processing of the degraded grassland of the area of 0.5 million hectares within 5 years has been calculated and presented. The data on the technology of improving natural forage lands (hayfields and pastures) in the semi-desert and desert zones, on saline soils of steppe regions and semi-deserts are brought in. For this purpose, are offered combined units APS-2.8, APP-4.2 and ALS-2.5, MPTD-3.0, MPTD-6.0, MPTD-12, developed by VIM, performing per one passage milling processing of the upper humus layer of soil to a depth of 8-10 cm, subsoil loosening of the saline horizon to a depth of 30-40 cm, sowing of salt-resistant seeds of wild-growing grasses and grass mixtures, rolling crops. In the modern conditions of industrial animal husbandry simple production of voluminous leafy feed is not yet enough, thus it is important to provide animals with high-nutritive feed. The usage of the combined units APS-2.8, APP-4.2 and ALS-2.5, MPTD-3.0, MPTD -6.0, MPTD -12 allows to sustain high quality of the grass stand, to combine single-phase agro-technologies of production of the agricultural products and to reduce material and labor costs.
机译：在该国干旱和水温条件不利的干旱地区，合理使用牧场可以显着有助于保持植被的生产力。结果表明，在大量使用干草地和牧场的几年中，豆类开始退化。它们在草本植物中的存在应以多种方式保持。应当指出，由于谷物天然植物会抑制豆类的幼芽，因此在现有的牧草中简单播种豆类是不切实际的。在牧场上，建议改善作物的表面质量，其成本要比彻底改善的成本低2-3倍。已经发现，最有效的表面改良方法是在局部施用化肥的条件下进行条耕和播种豆类。已经开发出方法并确定了用于结合草地种子播种和局部施用矿物肥料来处理草地退化地区的联合机器的类型。结果表明，所开发的方法和组合装置可对饲料渣进行带状处理，从而使产量提高了1.8-2.5倍，并减少了40-50％的燃料消耗。恢复退化草地生产力的工作量已经确定。计算并提出了5年内50万公顷退化草地的预定行车道处理所需的草地机械数量和相关的技术经济指标。引入了有关在半沙漠和荒漠地区，草原地区和半沙漠的盐渍土壤上改良天然牧草土地（干草田和牧场）的技术数据。为此，提供了组合单元APS-2.8，由VIM开发的APP-4.2和ALS-2.5，MPTD-3.0，MPTD-6.0，MPTD-12，由上层腐殖质土壤的每道次碾磨处理至8-10 cm的深度，土壤下层松动盐碱层深度为30-40厘米，播种野生生长草和草混合物的抗盐种子，播种农作物。在工业化畜牧业的现代条件下，仅生产大量的叶类饲料还远远不够，因此为动物提供高营养的饲料很重要。结合使用APS-2.8，APP-4.2和ALS-2.5，MPTD-3.0，MPTD -6.0，MPTD -12组合单元可以维持草木的高质量，并结合单相农业生产技术农产品和减少材料和人工成本。

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