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首页> 外文期刊>Agroforestry Systems >Nitrogen mineralization and maize yields following application of tree prunings to a sandy soil in Zimbabwe
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Nitrogen mineralization and maize yields following application of tree prunings to a sandy soil in Zimbabwe

机译：在津巴布韦的沙质​​土壤上应用树木修剪后，氮矿化和玉米产量

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Despite the promotion of prunings as sources of nitrogen for crops, lack of synchronization between N mineralization from prunings and plant uptake remains a major limitation to the impact of prunings on crop yields. A laboratory and a field experiment were therefore carried out to determine the mineralization patterns of selected prunings and assess the potential that exists to improve synchrony by mixing prunings of different quality. The laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 84 days to determine the C and N release patterns of prunings of different quality and the manipulation of the C and N mineralization trends by mixing prunings of different quality. High quality prunings were considered to be those with high CO2 evolution rates and mineralize N rapidly. The % C and % N released in 84 days were highest for the high quality prunings of Tithonia diversifolia (70% and 30% respectively) and least for the low quality prunings of Flemingia macrophylla (25% and –5% respectively). The medium quality prunings of Acacia angustissima and Calliandra calothyrsus had similar proportions of released C and N (about 40% C and 10% N). Different mixtures of T. diversifolia with other species showed contrasting influence on C release and N mineralization. Most mixtures released less C than that predicted, but in contrast most mixtures released N at a rate either matching or above the predicted. The % N released was strongly correlated with the polyphenol protein binding capacity (r 2 = 0.53) and also with the % C released (r 2 = 0.62). The field experiment was done for two cropping seasons to determine the effects of the prunings of these species and their mixtures on maize grain yield. The prunings were added at 5 t ha−1 and incorporated into the top 15 cm by hand hoeing in the first season and their residual effects were monitored in the second season. Medium and low quality prunings produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher maize grain yields in the first season ranging between 2.4 t ha−1 and 3.4 t ha−1 compared with T. diversifolia which produced 1.7 t ha−1. This suggested better synchrony in N release and uptake by maize with medium and low quality prunings compared with high quality prunings. The only mixture that indicated improved synchrony was the mixture of T. diversifolia and C. calothyrsus. This study showed that mixing prunings of different quality produce different patterns of N mineralization, some of which were unexpected and had a potential for improving N synchrony.
机译：尽管将修剪作为作物的氮源得到了推广，但修剪产生的氮矿化与植物吸收之间缺乏同步性仍然是修剪对作物产量影响的主要限制。因此，进行了实验室和野外试验，以确定所选修剪的矿化模式，并评估了通过混合不同质量的修剪来改善同步性的潜力。进行了84天的实验室温育实验，以确定不同质量修剪的碳和氮释放模式，以及通过混合不同质量修剪的碳和氮矿化趋势的操作。高质量修剪被认为是那些具有高CO2排放速率并迅速使N矿化的修剪。 84天内释放的％C和％N最高的是高品质的Tithonia diversifolia修剪（分别为70％和30％），而最低的是Flemingia macrophylla的低质量修剪（分别为25％和–5％）。金合欢和Calliandra calothyrsus的中等品质修剪具有相似的释放碳和氮比例（约40％的碳和10％的氮）。顶叶锥虫与其他物种的不同混合物显示出对碳释放和氮矿化的相反影响。大多数混合物释放的C低于预期值，但相比之下，大多数混合物释放N的速率与预期值相等或高于预期。释放的％N与多酚蛋白结合能力（r 2 = 0.53）以及释放的％C（r 2 = 0.62）密切相关。进行了两个种植季节的田间试验，以确定这些物种及其混合物的修剪对玉米籽粒产量的影响。在第一个季节中，在5 t ha-1处添加修剪物，并通过头将其修剪到顶部15厘米处，并在第二个季节中监测其残留影响。与普通杂种T的产量为1.7 t相比，中，低等质量的修剪在第一季的玉米产量显着提高（p <0.05），范围为2.4 t ha-1 至3.4 t ha-1 。 ha-1 。这表明与高品质修剪相比，中低品质修剪的玉米在氮释放和吸收方面具有更好的同步性。唯一显示同步性改善的混合物是广角锥和杯形梭菌的混合物。这项研究表明，不同质量的混合修剪会产生不同的氮矿化模式，其中有些是出乎意料的，并且具有改善氮同步性的潜力。

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