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Use of the management-oriented silvopastoral model ALWAYS: Calibration and evaluation

机译：面向管理的silvopastoral模型的使用始终：校准和评估

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The ALWAYS model simulates the biophysical functioning of a silvopastoral plot – here the broad-leaved tree — pasture — sheep association — and its management, according to the interactions between the different components of the system. The model was calibrated for two silvopastoral plots with contrasting soil and climate: at Lamartine in central France (wet upland climate), and at Cessous in southern France (a moderate hot and dry Mediterranean climate). The actual plot management recorded in the field was used in the model (and particularly date and number of grazing animals) and the model was run for different time series (from 2 to 100 years) depending on the process we wanted to evaluate, grass and animal production or tree growth. Models outputs were consistent with recorded data on the field and we concluded that the model can correctly simulate the behaviour of a silvopastoral plot in terms of tree growth, grass production, animal grazing and interactions between the different components. It permitted also to make consistent choices and compare different strategies of silvopastoral plots management. The improvement of some biophysical processes that are very simplified in the model is required to produce better accurate predictive values of sward or tree production. But a much more complex model will require more data for its parametrization and more time to run, precluding its use in many situations.
机译：ALWAYS模型根据系统不同组成部分之间的相互作用，模拟了一个牧林牧区的生物物理功能-这里是阔叶树-牧场-绵羊协会-及其管理。该模型针对两个土壤和气候截然不同的农牧交错带进行了校准：在法国中部的拉马廷（湿地高地气候）和法国南部的塞瑟斯（中度干热地中海气候）。模型中使用了实际记录的田间管理（特别是放牧动物的日期和数量），并且根据我们要评估的过程，草地和草地，模型在不同的时间序列（2到100年）内运行动物生产或树木生长。模型输出与现场记录的数据一致，我们得出的结论是，该模型可以从树木生长，草产量，动物放牧以及不同组成部分之间的相互作用方面正确模拟林牧区的行为。它还允许做出一致的选择，并比较不同的食牧地块管理策略。需要对模型中一些非常简化的生物物理过程进行改进，以产生更好的草皮或树木生产预测值。但是，复杂得多的模型需要更多的数据来进行参数化和更多的运行时间，从而无法在许多情况下使用它。

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