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首页> 外文期刊>Agroforestry Systems >Acacia angustissima: Its anti-nutrients constituents, toxicity and possible mechanisms to alleviate the toxicity – a short review
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Acacia angustissima: Its anti-nutrients constituents, toxicity and possible mechanisms to alleviate the toxicity – a short review

机译：金合欢（Acacia angustissima）：其抗营养成分，毒性和减轻毒性的可能机制–简短评论

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摘要

In most tropical countries poor nutrition limits ruminant productivity. The main feed resources include native pasture and crop residues, which are low in nitrogen (6.2-10.6 g/kg DM) and high in fibre (676-772 g/kg DM). Nutritional deficiencies of these feeds can be alleviated by supplementation with fodder trees such as Acacia angustissima, which are multipurpose, have outstanding agronomical attributes and are rich in nitrogen (33.2-40.8 g/kg DM). However, feeding A. angustissima without adaptation caused toxicity to sheep. Rats fed diets containing 20% A. angustissima died within 2-5 d. Intake and average daily gain (6.0 and 0.5 g/d) were significantly (P 0.05) reduced in rats fed a diet containing 70% acetone extract compared to the rats fed the control diet (8.8 and 3.1 g/d). Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) improved in-vitro gas and ammonia production from A. angustissima leaves (gas, 3.9 to 13.4 ml/100g DM; ammonia, 2.8 to 8.5 mM). PEG also increased DM intake (696 and 860 g /d) in sheep fed A. angustissima. These results suggested that tannin contributed to the negative effects of A. angustissima. Non-protein amino acids (4-N-acetyl-2, 4-diaminobutanoic acid, acetyl diaminopropionic acid, oxalyl diamino butyric, oxalyl diaminopropionic) have also been isolated from A. angustissima leaves. Feeding A. angustissima to sheep by gradually increasing levels in the diet prevented toxicity. Additionally, transfer of rumen contents from adapted to non-adapted sheep prevented toxicity of A. angustissima. These observations suggested that adaptation was at the microbial level. Current work to alleviate the toxicity of A. angustissima is therefore focused on microbial adaptation and detoxification. Tannin-tolerant bacteria have been isolated from sheep adapted to A. angustissima and free-ranging animals. Work on non-protein amino acids is underway. Overcoming the negative effects of the anti-nutritional factors in A. angustissima would not only improve livestock productivity but also result in improvement of the environment.
机译：在大多数热带国家，营养不良限制了反刍动物的生产力。主要饲料资源包括天然草场和农作物残留物，它们的氮含量低（6.2-10.6 g / kg DM），纤维含量高（676-772 g / kg DM）。这些饲料的营养不足可通过补充饲料树（例如，相思树）来缓解，这些树是多用途的，具有出色的农艺特性并且富含氮（33.2-40.8 g / kg DM）。然而，饲喂没有适应性的A. angustissima会对绵羊产生毒性。饲喂含20％的A. angustissima饲料的大鼠在2-5天内死亡。与饲喂对照饮食的大鼠（8.8和3.1 g / d）相比，饲喂含70％丙酮提取物饮食的大鼠的摄入量和平均日增重（6.0和0.5 g / d）显着降低（P 0.05）。聚乙二醇（PEG）的添加改善了从A. angustissima叶片中产生的体外气体和氨气（气体3.9至13.4 ml / 100 g DM；氨气2.8至8.5 mM）。 PEG还增加了饲喂A. angustissima的绵羊的DM摄入量（696和860 g / d）。这些结果表明，单宁对A. angustissima产生了负面影响。非蛋白质氨基酸（4-N-乙酰基-2、4-二氨基丁酸，乙酰基二氨基丙酸，草酰二氨基丁酸，草酰二氨基丙酸）也已从A. angustissima叶中分离出来。通过逐渐增加日粮中的饲喂量，将A. angustissima喂给绵羊可以防止毒性。另外，将瘤胃内容物从适应的羊转移到未适应的羊可以防止A. angustissima的毒性。这些观察结果表明适应是在微生物水平上的。因此，减轻A. angustissima毒性的当前工作集中在微生物适应和排毒上。已经从适应于A. angustissima和放养动物的绵羊中分离出了耐单宁的细菌。非蛋白质氨基酸的研究正在进行中。克服抗营养因子在桔梗中的负面影响，不仅可以提高畜牧业的生产力，而且可以改善环境。

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