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Partitioning of simulated rainfall in a kaolinitic soil under improved fallow–maize rotation in Zimbabwe

机译：津巴布韦休耕玉米改良下高岭土中模拟降雨的划分

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Research on improved fallows has concentrated on soil fertility benefits neglecting possible benefits to soil and water conservation. The effects of improved fallows on rainfall partitioning and associated soil loss were investigated using simulated rainfall on a kaolinitic soil in Zimbabwe. Simulated rainfall at an intensity of 35 mm h−1 was applied onto plots that were under planted fallows of Acacia angustissima and Sesbania sesban, natural fallow and maize (Zea mays L.) for two years. At the end of 2-years in October 2000, steady state infiltration rates could not be determined in A. angustissima and natural fallow plots, but they were 24 mm h−1 in S. sesban and 5 mm h−1 in continuous maize. The estimated runoff losses after 30 min of rainfall were 44% from continuous maize compared with 22% from S. sesban and none from A. angustissima and natural fallow plots. Infiltration rate decay coefficients were 36 mm and 10 mm for S. sesban and continuous maize, respectively. In October 2001 after one post-fallow crop, it was still not possible to determine the steady state infiltration rates in A. angustissima and natural fallows, but they were 8 and 5 mm h−1 for, S. sesban and continuous maize systems, respectively. The runoff loss, averaged across tilled and no-tilled plots, increased to 30% in the case of S. sesban fallowed plots and 57% for continuous maize; there was still no runoff loss from the other treatments. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in infiltration rate decay coefficients among treatments. The infiltration rate decay coefficient was 25 mm for S. sesban and it remained unchanged at 10 mm for continuous maize. It is concluded that planted tree fallows increase steady state infiltration rates and reduce runoff rates, but these effects markedly decrease after the first year of maize cropping in non-coppicing tree fallows.
机译：关于改善休耕的研究集中在土壤肥力的收益上，而忽略了对水土保持的可能收益。使用津巴布韦高岭土上的模拟降雨，研究了改善休耕对降雨分配和相关土壤流失的影响。将模拟降雨以35 mm h-1 的强度应用于已种植了相思树和塞斯巴尼亚塞斯班，自然休耕和玉米（Zea mays L.）的休耕地两年。在2000年10月的2年末，无法确定稳态的渗透率，在A. angustissima和自然休耕区中，但在S. sesban中为24 mm h-1 ，在5 mm h-1中为在连续玉米中。在连续降雨条件下，降雨30分钟后，估计的径流损失为44％，相比之下，S。ssban为22％，而A. angustissima和自然休耕地则没有。玉米和连续玉米的入渗速率衰减系数分别为36 mm和10 mm。 2001年10月，在一次休耕后，仍然无法确定A. angustissima和自然休耕的稳态渗透率，但S. sesban和S. sesban分别为8和5 mm h-1 。连续玉米系统。在S. ssban休耕地中，径流损失在耕作和无耕地平均，增加到30％，连续玉米增加到57％。其他处理仍然没有径流损失。各处理之间的入渗速率衰减系数存在显着差异（P <0.05）。芝麻（S. sesban）的入渗速率衰减系数为25 mm，连续玉米的入渗速率衰减系数保持在10 mm不变。结论是，种植的休耕地增加了稳态渗透率并降低了径流率，但在非耕作的休耕地中种植玉米的第一年后，这些影响显着降低。

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