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首页> 外文期刊>Agroforestry Systems >Water balance and maize yield following improved sesbania fallow in eastern Zambia
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Water balance and maize yield following improved sesbania fallow in eastern Zambia

机译：赞比亚东部芝麻播种面积改善后的水分平衡和玉米产量

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摘要

Sesbania [Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.] fallows are being promoted as a means for replenishing soil fertility in N-depleted soils of small-scale, resource-poor farmers in southern Africa. Knowledge of soil water distribution in the soil profile and water balance under proposed systems is important for knowing the long-term implications of the systems at plot, field and watershed levels. Soil water balance was quantified for maize (Zea mays L.) following 2-year sesbania fallow and in continuous maize with and without fertilizer during 1998–1999 and 1999–2000 at Chipata in eastern Zambia. Sesbania fallow increased grain yield and dry matter production of subsequent maize per unit amount of water used. Average maize grain yields following sesbania fallow, and in continuous maize with and without fertilizer were 3, 6 and 1 Mg ha−1 with corresponding water use efficiencies of 4.3, 8.8 and 1.7 kg mm−1 ha−1, respectively. Sesbania fallow increased the soil-water storage in the soil profile and drainage below the maximum crop root zone compared with the conventionally tilled non-fertilized maize. However, sesbania fallow did not significantly affect the seasonal crop water use, mainly because rainfall during both the years of the study was above the normal seasonal water requirements of maize (400 to 600 mm). Besides improving grain yields of maize in rotation, sesbania fallows have the potential to recharge the subsoil water through increased subsurface drainage and increase nitrate leaching below the crop root zone in excess rainfall seasons.
机译：正在推广塞斯巴尼亚[Sesbania sesban（L.）Merr。]休耕地，以补充南部非洲资源贫乏的小规模农民的N贫瘠土壤中的土壤肥力。了解拟议系统下土壤剖面中的水分布和水平衡对于了解该系统在地块，田地和流域水平上的长期影响非常重要。在1998年至1999年和1999年至2000年期间，赞比亚东部奇帕塔（Zatata）的2年黄b休耕后以及连续施用和不施用化肥的玉米中，玉米（Zea mays L.）的土壤水平衡得以定量。塞斯巴尼亚休耕提高了每单位用水量的谷物产量和随后玉米的干物质产量。塞巴尼亚休耕后以及有或没有化肥的连续玉米平均玉米产量分别为3、6和1 Mg ha-1 ，相应的用水效率分别为4.3、8.8和1.7 kg mm-1 ha -1 。与常规耕种的未施肥玉米相比，Sesbania休闲区增加了土壤剖面和排水量在最大作物根系以下的土壤水储量。但是，塞斯巴尼亚休耕期并未显着影响作物的季节性用水，这主要是因为在这两年的研究中降雨都高于玉米的正常季节性需水量（400至600毫米）。除了提高轮作玉米的谷物产量外，在降雨过多的季节，芝麻种子的休耕潜力还可以通过增加地下排水来增加地下土壤的水分，并增加作物根部以下的硝酸盐淋失。

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