A refined one-dimensional beam formulation based on a mixed approach has been developed for structural dynamics analyses of rotating and nonrotating composite beams and blades of general section shape with open- or closed-section contours. The theory uses a mixed variational approach and accounts for the effects of elastic coupling, shell-wall thickness, warping, warping restraint, and transverse shear deformation. The analysis is validated against experimental data and other analytical results for composite cantilevered beams of various cross sections.
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