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Twenty-seven Minutes Over Ploesti

机译:在Ploesti上的27分钟

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摘要

Germany's greatest vulnerability in World War II was its dependence on foreign oil. The Germans had almost no petroleum resources of their own, and in 1938, imported 72 percent of their gasoline and lubricants. Domestic output accounted for only eight percent. The synthetic fuels industry produced the other 20 percent. One of Adolf Hitler's motives for invading the Soviet Union in 1941 was to gain the Russian oil fields in the Caucasus Mountains. That failed, and with most of its former sources of oil behind enemy lines, Germany was forced to rely on the oil-rich Balkans, especially Nazi-controlled Romania. A ring of refineries around Ploesti, 35 miles north of Bucharest, supplied about athird of Germany's gasoline and an even greater share of the high-octane aviation fuel, which was converted from lower-grade fuels by the cracking plants at Ploesti.
机译:在第二次世界大战中,德国最大的弱点是对外国石油的依赖。德国人几乎没有自己的石油资源,在1938年,他们进口了72%的汽油和润滑油。国内产出只占百分之八。合成燃料工业占了另外20%。 1941年,阿道夫·希特勒(Adolf Hitler)入侵苏联的动机之一是获得高加索山脉的俄罗斯油田。失败了,并且由于其以前的大部分石油都在敌后,德国被迫依赖石油资源丰富的巴尔干半岛,尤其是纳粹控制的罗马尼亚。布加勒斯特以北35英里处的普洛什蒂(Ploesti)周围的一堆精炼厂提供了大约三分之一的德国汽油和更高份额的高辛烷值航空燃料,这些燃料是由普洛什蒂(Ploesti)的裂解工厂从低级燃料转化而来的。

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