The variable-wing MiG-23 was the most important Soviet fightertypeforsome 20 years. The MikoyanGurevich design served as an interceptor with a ground attack capability, a fighter-bomber, and a trainer. The MiG-27 Flogger, basically the same design, was the dedicated ground attack version.Design work began in the early 1960s. The single-engine MiG-23, with its swing-wing configuration, clearly borrowed from the US F-111 and F-4. Designed to replace the delta-wing MiG-21, the Flogger (its NATO designation) is deemed to be a Soviet third generation fighter. Its high-mounted wings have a dog tooth design and can be varied in sweep from 16 to 45 to 72 degrees. The wings have leading and trailing edge slats, with upper surface spoilers used in place of ailerons. The lines of the fuselage vary from model to model but are essentially conical except where engine air intakes are located. The complex landing gear is designed to operate from rough fields. Over time, the MiG-23 incorporated successive new generations of radar and missiles.The first Soviet MiG-23s entered operational service in 1971, while the last were not retired until 1998. The export Flogger engaged in many air battles, scoring some victories and suffering some significant losses. They were found in the inventories of Soviet allies around the world. Variants engaged in combat in Egypt, Eritrea, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Angola, and Syria. Most recently, the Libyan regime of Muammar Qaddafi has used them to attack rebel forces.
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