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Pantelleria, 1943

机译：1943年的Pantelleria

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In 1943, the World War II Allies launched Corkscrew, a military operation whose aim was to seize the Mediterranean island of Pantelleria. It was an armed action meant to pave the way for an Allied invasion of Sicily and then the Italian mainland, but it turned out to be far more than that. By the time Corkscrew was finished, it had become a case study in the devastating uses of airpower and a major milestone in the exploits of the famed Tuskegee Airmen. The importance of Pantelleria Island itself stemmed from its location―smack in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. Some 53 miles to the west was Tunisia. To the northeast, 63 miles away, was Sicily. Thus, Pantelleria lay astride the route from North Africa, where the Allies earlier in 1943 had routed Axis forces, and Italy, the next target for invasion. Between May 8 and June 11 in 1943, Allied aircraft flew 5,285 bombing sorties against targets on Pantelleria and dropped 6,313 tons of bombs on Italian and German forces ensconced there. The operation called for using sustained aerial bombardment to crush enemy power on the island and therefore reduce the number of Allied ground forces needed to capture and hold it. The plan succeeded―dramatically so. In fact, the aerial offensive marked the first time in history that an enemy land force was compelled to surrender in the absence of an accompanying ground invasion. Saturation bombing, plus limited shelling by the Royal Navy, broke the enemy's defenses and will to resist. For all that, it was an offensive that almost didn't happen.
机译：1943年，第二次世界大战同盟国发动了开塞螺旋部队（Corkscrew），这是一项旨在夺取地中海潘泰莱里亚岛的军事行动。这是一次武装行动，旨在为盟军入侵西西里岛，然后入侵意大利大陆铺平道路，但事实证明，远远不止于此。到开瓶器完成时，它已成为毁灭性空中力量使用的案例研究，并且是着名的塔斯基吉航空兵的重要里程碑。 Pantelleria岛本身的重要性源于其地理位置-位于地中海中部的小吃。突尼斯向西约53英里。西西里是东北向63英里外的地方。因此，潘泰莱里亚（Pantelleria）横跨从北非出发的路线，该国于1943年早些时候盟军已将轴心国部队击溃，而意大利则是下一个入侵目标。在1943年5月8日至6月11日之间，盟军飞机对Pantelleria的目标进行了5285次轰炸飞行，并向在其附近聚集的意大利和德国部队投掷了6,313吨炸弹。该行动要求使用持续的空中轰炸来粉碎该岛上的敌方力量，从而减少捕获和控制该岛所需的盟军地面部队人数。该计划取得了成功-确实如此。实际上，空中进攻标志着有史以来第一次，在没有伴随的地面入侵的情况下，敌方陆军被迫投降。饱和轰炸加上皇家海军的有限炮击破坏了敌人的防御能力，并愿意抵抗。尽管如此，这几乎没有发生过进攻。

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