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Tupolev Tu -134

机译：图波列夫-134

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Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's dramatic return to Moscow aboard a Tupolev Tu-134 (referred to by NATO as the Crusty) following the failed coup attempt of August 1991, marked the beginning of the end of the Soviet Union - and of the Soviet aircraft industry as it had existed for nearly seven decades. The Tu-134, however, is still very much a part of the aviation scene in Russia and hit the headlines in August 2004 when two Russian jetliners, one a Tu-134, were simultaneously destroyed in-flight by a pair of terrorist suicide bombers. (The other aircraft was a Tu-154). The Tu-134 has been a workhorse on Russian air routes for more than 35 years. Often compared to the Douglas DC-9, any similarities between the two are superficial at best. Though both were designed for short-haul routes, Tupolev's twin-jet was built around a very different set of requirements, reflecting the varied geographic conditions and centralised economy that existed in the USSR in the early 1960s. At that time, Aeroflot - the state-owned carrier - held a monopoly on air transportation throughout the Soviet Union's vast territory. Many Aeroflot pilots flew in difficult conditions without the sort of navigational aids and modern airfields to which their counterparts in the West were accustomed. Short, unprepared runways demanded aircraft with rugged airframes and plenty of reserve power. Consequently, economics often took a back seat to field performance in the design of Soviet airliners. Such was the case with the pioneering Tu-124 which was the forerunner of the Tu-134.
机译：1991年8月政变失败后，苏联领导人米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫（Mikhail Gorbachev）乘坐图波列夫Tu-134（北约称为“硬壳”）戏剧性地返回莫斯科，标志着苏联-以及苏联飞机工业的终结开始了。它已经存在了将近七十年。然而，Tu-134仍然是俄罗斯航空界的一部分，并在2004年8月成为头条新闻，当时有两架俄罗斯自杀式客机（其中一架Tu-134）在飞行中同时被一对恐怖主义自杀炸弹手摧毁。 。 （另一架飞机是Tu-154）。 Tu-134一直是俄罗斯空中航线上的主力军，已有35多年的历史了。通常，与道格拉斯DC-9相比，两者之间的任何相似之处充其量只是表面上的。尽管两者都是为短途航线设计的，但图波列夫的双喷气式飞机是围绕一套非常不同的要求建造的，这反映了1960年代初期苏联存在的不同的地理条件和中央集权经济。当时，俄罗斯航空公司-国有航空公司-垄断了整个苏联广阔领土上的航空运输。许多Aeroflot飞行员在困难的条件下飞行，而没有西方同行所习惯的那种导航设备和现代化飞机场。短而没有准备的跑道要求飞机具有坚固的机身和足够的备用动力。因此，经济学常常在苏联客机的设计中不占优势。 Tu-124的先驱就是Tu-134的先驱，情况就是如此。

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    《Air International》 |2005年第5期|p.64-66|共3页
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