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首页> 外文期刊>Air International >Fundamentals of Airliner Design Part 15 Structures and Materials Ⅲ
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Fundamentals of Airliner Design Part 15 Structures and Materials Ⅲ

机译：客机设计基础第15部分结构和材料Ⅲ

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With the coming of jet airliners in the 1950s, straight wings were replaced by thinner sweptback ones with a larger structural span than a straight wing of the same area and aspect ratio. Moreover, swcepback introduced additional torsion because the applied loads on the wing act significantly aft relative to the wing root. This required more structural material, leading to increased wing weight. In addition, the wing-root torsion box contained within the fuselage also had to be heavier, since it carries the kink loads imposed when the wing loads are transferred to the fuselage. The torsion loads are reduced by reduced sweep of the rear spar (which coincidentally makes room for the undercarriage). It might reasonably be expected that the weight of wings relative to empty weight would have increased dramatically. However, the increase has been small, partly due to the inventiveness of structural designers and partly to the steady rise in wing loading. The effect of wing bending on the actual distortion of the structure is that with sweepback, the wing, when bent upwards, tends to twist nose-down, thereby off-loading the tip. From one point of view this is beneficial, since it eliminates the tendency for the sweptback wings to diverge under load. However, the nose-down twisting of the tip can have important implications for pitch stability, since the wings' lift centre then tends to move forward and inboard, increasing the pitch-up tendency.
机译：随着1950年代喷气客机的问世，同等面积和长宽比的直翼飞机的结构跨度更大，较薄的后掠式飞机取代了直翼飞机。此外，后掠式飞机还引入了额外的扭转力，因为机翼上施加的载荷相对于机翼根部明显向后作用。这需要更多的结构材料，导致机翼重量增加。另外，容纳在机身中的机翼根部扭转箱也必须较重，因为它承受了当机翼载荷转移到机身时施加的扭结载荷。通过减小后翼梁的后掠角（同时为底架腾出空间）来减小扭转载荷。可以合理地预期，机翼的重量相对于空载的重量将急剧增加。但是，增加的幅度很小，部分原因是结构设计人员的创新能力，部分原因是机翼载荷的稳定增长。机翼弯曲对结构实际变形的影响是，通过向后倾斜，机翼在向上弯曲时会扭曲机头向下，从而减轻尖端的负担。从一个角度看，这是有益的，因为它消除了后掠式机翼在负载下发散的趋势。但是，由于机翼的升力中心会趋于向前和向内移动，从而增加了俯仰的趋势，因此，尖端的向下俯仰扭曲可能会对俯仰稳定性产生重要影响。

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