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Particulate carbon emissions from electrostatic precipitators used for mercury emissions control: operational factors and implications

机译：用于汞排放控制的静电除尘器产生的颗粒碳排放：运行因素及其影响

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摘要

Injection of powdered activated carbon (PAC) into the combustion flue gas of a coal-fired boiler is a leading approach to reducing anthropogenic mercury emissions. Small particle size and poor electrical properties are known to make carbonaceous particles more difficult to remove from a gas stream by electrostatic precipitation, by far the dominant particulate control technology for coal-fired boilers. The present analysis estimates PAC emissions from electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and considers both the operational factors driving such emissions as well as their implications in terms of adsorbed mercury concentrations and their potential to act as a climate forcing agent similar to black carbon. The results of the analysis find the potential for PAC to increase particulate carbon emissions by tens of percent to over 150 % in the worst-case scenario considered. Such emissions could increase the contribution of coal combustion to total anthropogenic emissions of particulate carbon by several percentage points. Elevated levels of mercury on such emissions can translate into gas-phase-equivalent mercury concentrations approaching 1 ppb. The most important uncertainty influencing these results is the removal efficiency within ESPs of PM2.5-activated carbon particles.
机译：将粉状活性炭（PAC）注入燃煤锅炉的燃烧烟道气是减少人为汞排放的领先方法。已知小粒径和差的电性能使碳颗粒更难以通过静电沉淀从气流中除去，这是燃煤锅炉占主导地位的颗粒控制技术。本分析估算了静电除尘器（ESP）产生的PAC排放量，并考虑了驱动此类排放的操作因素，以及它们在吸附汞浓度方面的影响以及它们作为类似于黑碳的气候强迫剂的潜力。分析结果发现，在考虑到的最坏情况下，PAC有可能将颗粒碳排放量增加百分之几十，达到150％以上。这种排放可能使煤燃烧对人为排放的颗粒碳的贡献增加几个百分点。此类排放物上汞含量的升高可转化为气相当量的汞浓度，接近1 ppb。影响这些结果的最重要的不确定性是PM2.5活化的碳颗粒在ESP中的去除效率。

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