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Tides in the atmosphere

机译：潮汐

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摘要

Tides in the water are important for any kind of human activities at sea. They have a periodic structure caused by solar and lunar gravitational forces; the levels of the tides are provided everywhere along coastlines. Tables of tidal levels contain forecasted levels of tides and are of extreme importance. The atmosphere is considered a fifth ocean, and we are living at the bottom of it. Tides in the atmosphere can be noticeable only in changing atmospheric pressure. Distinguished scientist Sydney Chapman was the first to discover the existence of oscillations in atmospheric pressure with periods of Sun and Moon day on the Earth. The Moon is generating tides by its gravity, whereas the Sun affects the atmosphere thermally (by solar radiation) and gravitationally. Those atmospheric tides can be distinguished by their specific periods that are very well hidden within regular synoptic changes of the atmospheric pressure. Recent developments in the separation of periodic signals embedded in noisy environments have made this task possible. Atmospheric tides can be reconstructed from hourly records of atmospheric pressure at any point on the Earth. They behave as very well organized waves in time and spread up to one quarter of the globe. The atmospheric tides can be forecasted everywhere several months in advance. The influence of atmospheric tides appears much stronger than expected on many events in the atmosphere. We will discuss only a few of them in this paper leaving a wide opportunity for further research.
机译：水中的潮汐对于海上的任何人类活动都很重要。它们具有由太阳和月球引力引起的周期性结构。沿海岸线到处都有潮汐水平。潮汐表包含预报的潮汐水平，非常重要。大气被认为是第五海洋，我们生活在它的底部。大气中的潮汐只有在改变大气压时才会明显。杰出的科学家悉尼·查普曼（Sydney Chapman）是第一个发现地球上存在日月周期的大气压力振荡的人。月亮通过重力产生潮汐，而太阳则通过热量（通过太阳辐射）和重力影响大气。这些大潮可以通过它们的特定时期来区分，这些时期很好地隐藏在大气压的规律天气变化中。嵌入在嘈杂环境中的周期性信号分离方面的最新发展使这项任务成为可能。可以根据地球上任何时间点的每小时气压记录来重建大气潮汐。它们在时间上表现得井井有条，并传播到全球四分之一。可以提前几个月在各地预报大潮。在大气中的许多事件中，潮汐的影响似乎比预期的要强大得多。在本文中，我们将仅讨论其中的少数几个，从而为进一步的研究留下了广阔的机会。

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