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Influence of collection region and site type on the composition of paved road dust

机译：收集区和场地类型对铺装道路扬尘组成的影响

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Exposures to particulate matter (PM) re-suspended by traffic from paved roads are ubiquitous, but little is known about the variability in composition of paved road dust (PRD). This knowledge gap hinders estimates of exposure to PM components near roadways. Respirable fractions of PRD collected from multiple U.S. regions and site types were analyzed to explore chemical composition and variability. Fifty samples were collected from streets, traffic arterials, street canyons, freeways, and industrial sites in six urban regions in the southwestern, Southern California, northeastern, and southeastern U.S. regions and five rural sites. Samples were sieved, aerosolized, and size-classified into fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) fractions. Analyses included metals and other elements, organic and elemental carbon, inorganic ions, endotoxin and glucan. Crustal elements, organic carbon, and reactive metals comprised the PRD mass with smaller fractions of elemental carbon and inorganic ions. Proportions of many inorganic components were strongly correlated between particle sizes, but fine and coarse organic carbon poorly correlated. Composition varied both among and within regions and site types, with evidence that chemical signatures varied more systematically by region than by site type. Local sources strongly influenced some samples. Samples from large urban areas had greater contents of reactive metals, but these comprised less than 0.2 % of the mass. Near-feedlot samples had high levels of endotoxin. The results provide insight into the variability of PRD composition, differences between re-suspended PRD and regional airborne PM, and improved source signatures for estimates of exposure to different PM components near roadways.
机译：铺路的交通使悬浮的颗粒物（PM）暴露无处不在，但是人们对铺路尘（PRD）组成变化的了解却很少。这种知识鸿沟阻碍了对道路附近PM成分暴露的估计。分析了从美国多个地区和站点类型收集的PRD可呼吸部分，以探索化学成分和变异性。从美国西南部，南加州，东北和东南部的六个城市地区以及五个农村地区的街道，交通干道，街道峡谷，高速公路和工业场所收集了五十份样品。将样品过筛，雾化并按大小分类为细颗粒物（PM2.5）和粗颗粒物（PM10-2.5）。分析包括金属和其他元素，有机和元素碳，无机离子，内毒素和葡聚糖。地壳元素，有机碳和活性金属构成PRD物质，其中元素碳和无机离子的比例较小。粒径之间许多无机成分的比例密切相关，而细有机碳和粗有机碳的相关性很弱。区域和站点类型之间以及内部和内部的组成均发生变化，有证据表明，不同区域的化学特征比站点类型更系统地变化。当地资源严重影响了一些样本。大城市地区的样品中活性金属含量更高，但其含量不到质量的0.2％。肥育场附近的样品具有高水平的内毒素。结果提供了对PRD组成的可变性，重新悬浮的PRD与区域机载PM之间差异的深入了解，以及改进的源特征以估计道路附近不同PM组分的暴露。

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