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Exposure of children studying in schools of India to PM levels and metal contamination: sources and their identification

机译:在印度学校学习的儿童暴露于PM含量和金属污染:来源和鉴定

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摘要

The concentration of particulate matter (PM)10, PM5.0, PM2.5, PM1.0, PM0.50, and PM0.25 was measured along with heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb) collected from settling dust in the indoor–outdoor environment of roadside and residentially located schools of Agra City, from January 2008 to May 2009. PM indoor/outdoor ratios at the roadside and residentially located schools were also determined by the meteorological parameters like temperature, humidity, and wind speed and air exchange rate. Metal geoaccumulation index shows that the contamination of Fe, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Mn was in abundant quantity in residential and roadside soil dust of the schools. The enrichment factor was calculated using Ca as a reference to the trace metal species to identify the sources. Three factors in inside and three outside the classrooms of roadside and residentially located schools were identified. These factors reflected source soil dust, road dust, vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, metal processes, and incineration activities and their contributions were estimated using principal component analysis. Measurements of such exposure levels would be helpful in prevention of environmental risks to schoolchildren at a global level for better and healthy mind of children studying at schools.
机译:测量了颗粒物(PM)10,PM5.0,PM2.5,PM1.0,PM0.50和PM0.25的浓度以及重金属(Fe,Zn,Cu,Cd,Cr,Mn,Ni和Pb)收集自2008年1月至2009年5月阿格拉市路边和民居学校室内外环境中的沉降尘埃。路边和民居学校的PM室内/室外比也由气象参数确定例如温度,湿度,风速和空气交换率。金属地质累积指数表明,学校住宅和路旁土壤粉尘中Fe,Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb和Mn的污染程度较高。富集系数是使用Ca作为痕量金属物种识别来源的参考来计算的。确定了路边和居住学校的教室内部和外部三个因素。这些因素反映了源土粉尘,道路粉尘,车辆排放物,工业排放物,金属加工过程和焚化活动,并使用主成分分析估算了它们的贡献。此类暴露水平的测量将有助于在全球范围内预防学童的环境风险,从而使在校学习的儿童的心理更加健康。

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