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Backgrounder: State of the Station

机译：背景资料：车站状态

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After almost 20 years of design, redesign, re-redesign, and, finally, construction, the International Space Station is very nearly finished. Tentative applause. Now the bad news: For all the time and money ($24.4 billion and counting) spent so far, the station will have little use as a research laboratory until a full crew arrives to conduct experiments and serve as test subjects―or so says just about every scientific advisory group NASA has asked for an opinion. Just what constitutes a "full" crew has been a matter of debate. A task force led by astronaut-turned-chief-NASA-scientist Shannon Lucid recently concluded that a full research load will require 5.6 astronauts. When those 5.6 ―call it six ―people will move in is far less certain. First they'll need lifeboats that can evacuate all six in an emergency. (The Russian Soyuz, the station's current lifeboat, holds only three.) That means NASA has to design, build, and fly a brand-new vehicle―the Orbited Space Plane―something it hasn't done in 30 years.
机译：经过近20年的设计，重新设计，重新设计以及最后的建设，国际空间站已接近完成。掌声雷动。现在是个坏消息：就目前为止所花费的所有时间和金钱（244亿美元，而且还在增加），直到有一个完整的工作人员赶来进行实验并充当测试对象之前，该站几乎没有用作研究实验室。每个科学咨询小组NASA都征求了意见。究竟“正式”船员的构成是一个辩论的问题。由宇航员转变为美国宇航局局长的香农·卢西德（Shannon Lucid）领导的特别工作组最近得出结论，全面的研究工作将需要5.6名宇航员。当那些5.6（称为6）时，人们将进入的不确定性就很大。首先，他们需要能够在紧急情况下撤离全部六艘救生艇的救生艇。 （俄罗斯联盟号目前是该站的救生艇，仅容纳三艘。）这意味着美国宇航局必须设计，建造和驾驶一种全新的运载工具，即轨道空间飞机，这是30年来未曾做过的。

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