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On the development of new models for the old problem of hot tearing - a joint effort by European industries and scientific institutions

机译：关于解决旧的热撕问题的新模型的开发-欧洲工业界和科研机构的共同努力

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Hot tearing is a major defect in many solidification processes. Over the years, many researchers have addressed the problem without actually arriving at a commonly accepted and physically based theory, model or criterion. The EU Project The Virtual Casthouse (VIRCAST) is a unique opportunity to focus on hot tearing with a much greater effort than what would have been possible if any of the involved industries should have funded such a project alone. Approximately one third of the project resources i.e., 23 man-years or 2.7 million Euro, is dedicated to this fundamental problem. Besides a significant effort on measuring the hot tearing sensitivity during direct chill casting of aluminium, a main goal is to develop new mathematical modelling tools by which this defect can be related to controllable process and alloying parameters. The new models address the two main mechanisms associated with hot tearing. namely the interdendritic melt flow caused by the solidification shrinkage and the thermally induced deformation. The present article summarises the different tasks of the WRCAST activity on hot tearing and their organisational interdependency. The tasks include the development of new modelling equations and experiments for model validation. Other important tasks are the development of a material description along with experiments providing the necessary empirical input to this. Of crucial importance is the establishment of new hot tearing criteria, which are based on observations of microstructure development and fracture surfaces. Numerical solutions of the modelling equations are developed along with user-friendly interfaces by which new modelling tools are made available to industry for case studies directed towards process improvements. It is pointed out how the focus on mathematical modelling systematises the scientific aspects in such a way that the partners can work deeply within their specialised fields, and at the same time contributing to the final common goal. The success of the whole project depends upon success of each task. This situation of mutual dependency between the partners is believed to be a sound basis for EU Projects like VIRCAST
机译：热撕裂是许多固化过程中的主要缺陷。多年来，许多研究人员在没有真正达成普遍接受且基于物理的理论，模型或准则的情况下解决了该问题。欧盟项目虚拟铸件厂（VIRCAST）是一次难得的机会，可以集中精力进行热撕，这要比涉及的任何行业本应单独资助此类项目的情况大得多。项目资源的大约三分之一，即23个工年，即270万欧元，专门用于解决这一基本问题。除了在铝的直接冷铸过程中在测量热撕裂敏感性方面做出巨大努力外，主要目标是开发新的数学建模工具，通过该工具可以将此缺陷与可控制的工艺和合金参数相关联。新模型解决了与热撕裂相关的两个主要机制。即由凝固收缩和热致变形引起的树枝状熔体流动。本文总结了WRCAST活动在热撕及其组织相互依赖性方面的不同任务。任务包括开发新的建模方程式和用于模型验证的实验。其他重要任务是开发材料说明以及提供必要经验输入的实验。至关重要的是建立新的热撕裂准则，该准则基于对微观结构发展和断裂表面的观察。开发了建模方程的数值解决方案以及用户友好的界面，通过这些界面，新的建模工具可用于工业领域，用于针对过程改进的案例研究。指出了对数学建模的关注如何使科学方面系统化，从而使合作伙伴可以在各自的专业领域内深入工作，同时为最终的共同目标做出贡献。整个项目的成功取决于每个任务的成功。合作伙伴之间这种相互依赖的情况被认为是VIRCAST等欧盟项目的良好基础

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