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The Artificial Nile

机译:人工尼罗河

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摘要

The White Nile, from Lake Victoria in Uganda, and the Blue Nile, from Lake Tana in Ethiopia, merge in Sudan to form the Nile-the longest river in the world. Fifty-five hundred kilometers from its source, the Nile pours into the Mediterranean Sea along the coast of Egypt. Each summer before 1964, waters from rains in Ethiopia gathered and sent a flood into the Nile Valley. The river picked up sediment over hundreds of kilometers and then deposited it-rich nourishment-in the floodplain and the Nile Delta. Given the flow of sediment, the ancient historian Herodotus called Egypt "the gift of the Nile." If not for the Nile, Egypt would be nothing more than desert, but even with the river, most of the country remains barren. Farmers can raise crops on only about 4 percent of Egyptian land, and most of that stretches along the banks of the river. The historic Nile, though, also fertilized another desert-one in a sea of water. The circulation in the Mediterranean Sea keeps nutrients from flowing to the east. In fact, most of the eastern Mediterranean is less hospitable to life than the Sargasso Sea or the North Central Pacific Gyre, two famous oceanic deserts. In the past, the August-October floods generated a Nile bloom, or upsurge of phytoplankton, which fed a valuable fishery.
机译:来自乌干达维多利亚湖的白尼罗河和来自埃塞俄比亚塔纳湖的青尼罗河在苏丹合并,形成了世界上最长的尼罗河。尼罗河距源头五千五百公里,沿着埃及海岸倒入地中海。 1964年之前的每个夏天,埃塞俄比亚的雨水汇聚在一起,并向尼罗河河谷造成洪水。这条河吸收了数百公里的沉积物,然后在洪泛区和尼罗河三角洲沉积了丰富的营养。考虑到沉积物的流动,古代历史学家希罗多德斯将埃及称为“尼罗河的礼物”。如果不是尼罗河,埃及将不过是沙漠,但即使有河流,该国大部分地区仍然荒芜。农民只能在约4%的埃及土地上种庄稼,其中大部分沿河两岸延伸。不过,历史悠久的尼罗河还给水里的另一片沙漠施肥。地中海的环流阻止营养物质流向东部。实际上,与两个著名的海洋沙漠Sargasso Sea或North Central Pacific Gyre相比,地中海东部的大多数人对生活的热情都较低。过去,八月至十月的洪水产生了尼罗河水华,即浮游植物的激增,为宝贵的渔业提供了食物。

著录项

  • 来源
    《American Scientist》 |2004年第2期|p.158-165|共8页
  • 作者

    Scott W. Nixon;

  • 作者单位

    Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
  • 关键词

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