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Optically Trapped Fermi Gases

机译：光学陷阱费米气体

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摘要

The bowl is only a millimeter long and a tenth of a millimeter wide, no bigger than a piece of lint. Its walls are constructed of pure light, making this "optical bowl" an appropriately ethereal container for the stuff sloshing around inside: lithium atoms that have been chilled to less than a millionth of a degree above absolute zero. But you shouldn't think of the sample trapped in this vessel of light as just a cloud of lithium (any more than you'd think of a diamond as a mere lump of carbon). Its value lies not in the atoms that make it up but in the special way they are put together―in a remarkable configuration known as a degenerate Fermi gas. Such an assemblage constitutes a new state of matter and is possibly the closest that scientists will ever come to having on their desktops a neutron star or a piece of the quark matter that made up the early universe.
机译：碗只有一毫米长，十分之一毫米宽，不超过一块皮棉。它的壁是用纯光建造的，使这个“光学碗”成为一个合适的空灵容器，用于在内部晃动的东西：被冷却到比绝对零值高不到一百万分之一度的锂原子。但是，您不应该将捕获在该光容器中的样品视为只是一团锂（比您认为钻石仅仅是一整块碳要多）。它的价值不在于组成原子的原子，而是它们以特殊的方式组合在一起-以一种显着的构型被称为简并费米气体。这样的组合构成了一种新的物质状态，可能是科学家们在其桌面上拥有组成早期宇宙的中子星或夸克物质的最接近的状态。

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