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The Shadow Effect and the Case of Felix Tisserand

机译：阴影效应和费利克斯·蒂瑟兰德案

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The essayist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson once remarked that an institution was the "lengthened shadow of one man," and that all of history could be resolved into the biography of "a few stout and earnest persons." Historians may choose to differ with Emerson, but when a giant is institutionalized in the form of an adjective―say, Newtonian or Darwinian―there is little doubt that the great one's shadow covers a lot of historical ground. Although civilization is in debt to these individuals, we must ask whether we shine the light too brightly on just a few. Looking back on the history of science we may find that the shadows of giants have inadvertently eclipsed the reputations and contributions of lesser colleagues. Perhaps the most widely recognized eclipse is that of Alfred Russel Wallace by Charles Darwin. Of course, "Wallacian" doesn't resonate well as an adjective, so we might have been spared some verbal awkwardness in this instance. The reputation of the eminent logician Kurt Goedel exerts a similar effect on the remembrance of another great logician, Alfred Tarski. And the arts have seen their fair share of the phenomenon. Mozart looms over his contemporary Salieri, as fictionalized in the hit play Amadeus.
机译：散文家和诗人拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson）曾经评论说，一个机构是“一个人的拉长阴影”，并且所有历史都可以分解为“一些矮胖和认真的人”的传记。历史学家可能会选择与爱默生不同，但是当巨人以形容词的形式制度化（例如牛顿或达尔文主义）时，毫无疑问，伟大者的影子涵盖了许多历史背景。尽管文明对这些人负有债务，但我们必须问，我们是否只是在少数几个人身上太亮了。回顾科学的历史，我们可能会发现，巨人的阴影无意间掩盖了小同事的声誉和贡献。也许最广为人知的日食是查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）的阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士（Alfred Russel Wallace）。当然，“ Wallacian”作为形容词并不能很好地引起共鸣，因此在这种情况下，我们也许可以避免口头尴尬。著名逻辑学家库尔特·戈德尔（Kurt Goedel）的声誉对另一位伟大逻辑学家阿尔弗雷德·塔斯基（Alfred Tarski）的记忆也产生了类似的影响。艺术已经看到了这种现象的公平份额。莫扎特（Mozart）在他的当代萨利里（Salieri）身上隐约可见，就像在热门剧本《阿玛迪斯（Amadeus）》中的虚构作品一样。

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