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首页> 外文期刊>American Scientist >ACT-R: Cognitive Theory's Simple, Elegant Tool
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ACT-R: Cognitive Theory's Simple, Elegant Tool

机译：ACT-R：认知理论的简单而优雅的工具

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During the past four decades, modern cognitive psychology has established an extensive catalogue of empirical facts from carefully controlled laboratory experiments. Typically, such facts specify systematic relations between environmental situations and the actions of people in them. As the literature illustrates, researchers have become quite adept and rigorous at establishing these relations, and we now know a great deal about people's abilities to identify objects, control attention, store information, use language and think. The goal of the laboratory enterprise, however, is not to develop empirical facts per se but to infer cognitive mechanisms from them. These mechanisms can be viewed as high-level functional accounts of systems in the brain that process information, somewhat like systems-level conceptualizations of computers. Because neuroscience has thus far been unable to identify such mechanisms, cognitive psychologists have developed clever and powerful tools for inferring them from behavior. The goal of theory in cognitive psychology is to establish a unified account of the brain's information-processing mechanisms, which can eventually be reduced to neuronal mechanisms, at least to a significant extent.
机译：在过去的四十年中，现代认知心理学已经通过精心控制的实验室实验建立了广泛的经验事实目录。通常，这些事实说明了环境状况与其中的人员行为之间的系统关系。正如文献所表明的那样，研究人员在建立这些关系上已经变得非常熟练和严格，并且我们现在对人们识别物体，控制注意力，存储信息，使用语言和思考的能力了解很多。但是，实验室企业的目标不是本身开发经验事实，而是从中推断出认知机制。这些机制可以看作是大脑中处理信息的系统的高级功能描述，有点像计算机的系统级概念化。由于到目前为止，神经科学还无法确定这种机制，因此认知心理学家已经开发出了巧妙而强大的工具来推断它们的行为。认知心理学的理论目标是建立对大脑信息处理机制的统一解释，该信息处理机制最终可以至少在很大程度上被简化为神经元机制。

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