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Atherosclerosis

机译：动脉粥样硬化

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A therosclerosis-a hardening of the arteries-begins in childhood and over the course of decades often culminates in a heart attack, a stroke or peripheral vascular disease. In their slow but steady course of infirmity, these diseases account for more than half of all deaths in the United States, and are the principal causes of death in Europe and Japan. Despite this high toll, the incidence of the deadliest of these afflictions, heart disease, has been in decline since the 1970s. This is a direct consequence of advances in detecting and treating the disease, as well as changes in diet, a decreased use of cigarettes and the reduction of elevated blood pressure (hypertension). In turn, the rationale for these advances and changes has its origin in our increasing appreciation of the basic biology of atherosclerosis. The development of atherosclerosis is the story of cells and molecules in an artery and their responses to assaults as the body ages. Indeed, current models of atherosclerosis are based primarily on the "response-to-injury" hypothesis proposed in the early 1970s by Russell Ross and John Glomset of the University of Washington. In its simplest form, the hypothesis states that the disease begins with an injury to the lining of an artery. The central challenge of athero- sclerosis research has been to understand how this initial injury launches a decades-long chain of cellular and molecular interactions that define the disease. Lately it has become apparent that various signaling molecules, which alter cellular activity, are crucial to the progress of the disease. Some recent developments in a number of laboratories, including our own, suggest that new approaches to the prevention and treatment of the disease may be forthcoming. Here we briefly review our current understanding of atherosclerosis and the prospects for the near future.
机译：动脉粥样硬化（一种动脉硬化）始于儿童时期，几十年来一直导致心脏病发作，中风或周围血管疾病。在缓慢而稳定的康复过程中，这些疾病占美国所有死亡人数的一半以上，并且是欧洲和日本的主要死亡原因。尽管损失惨重，但自1970年代以来，这些疾病中最致命的疾病，心脏病的发病率一直在下降。这是检测和治疗该疾病的进步，饮食习惯的改变，香烟使用量的减少以及血压升高（高血压）的直接后果。反过来，这些进展和变化的基本原理源自我们对动脉粥样硬化基本生物学的日益了解。动脉粥样硬化的发展是动脉中的细胞和分子以及随着年龄的增长它们对攻击的反应的故事。实际上，当前的动脉粥样硬化模型主要基于1970年代初期华盛顿大学的Russell Ross和John Glomset提出的“损伤响应”假说。最简单的假设是，疾病始于对动脉内膜的损伤。动脉粥样硬化研究的主要挑战是要了解这种初始损伤如何引发数十年的细胞和分子相互作用链，从而定义该疾病。近来，已经显而易见的是，改变细胞活性的各种信号分子对疾病的进展至关重要。包括我们自己在内的许多实验室的一些最新进展表明，可能即将出现预防和治疗该疾病的新方法。在这里，我们简要回顾一下我们对动脉粥样硬化的当前了解以及不久的将来。

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