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Aspirants, Apprentices, and Student Engineers

机译：有抱负的人，学徒和学生工程师

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摘要

The problem of having enough professional and skilled workers to satisfy the needs of society and industry is not a new one. Even before the Industrial Revolution, there was a constant need to train an adequate supply of qualified individuals to enter the crafts and trades. Since the Middle Ages, this need was satisfied principally through an apprenticeship system. Engineering was never organized the way that the craft guilds were. In the late 18th century, breaking into the young profession was not rigorously controlled. Civil engineering had only recently been given this name to distinguish it from the all-encompassing field of military engineering that theretofore had been given responsibility for all kinds of infrastructure improvements. Would-be civil engineers did not so much serve formal apprenticeships as work their way up the ladder of responsibility on construction sites.
机译：拥有足够的专业和熟练工人来满足社会和行业需求的问题并不是一个新问题。甚至在工业革命之前，就一直需要培训足够的合格人才来从事手工业和贸易。自中世纪以来，这种需求主要通过学徒制得到满足。工程从未像手工行会那样组织起来。在18世纪后期，对年轻职业的控制并不严格。直到最近才赋予土木工程这个名称，以将其与军事工程的全方位领域区分开来，而军事工程领域以前一直负责各种基础设施的改进。可能的土木工程师并没有为正式学徒服务，而是在建筑工地上逐步提升责任。

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  • 来源
    《American Scientist》 |2014年第5期|334-337|共4页
  • 作者

    Henry Petroski;

  • 作者单位

    Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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