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Evolution, Religion and Free Will

机译：进化，宗教与自由意志

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During the 20th century, three polls questioned outstanding scientists about their attitudes toward science and religion. James H. Leuba, a sociologist at Bryn Mawr College, conducted the first in 1914. He polled 400 scientists starred as "greater" in the 1910 American Men of Science on the existence of a "personal God" and immortality, or life after death. Leuba defined a personal God as a "God to whom one may pray in the expectation of receiving an answer." He found that 32 percent of these scientists believed in a personal God, and 37 percent believed in immortality. Leuba repeated basically the same questionnaire in 1933. Belief in a personal God among greater scientists had dropped to 13 percent and belief in immortality to 15 percent. In both polls, beliefs in God and immortality were less common among biologists than among physical scientists. Belief in immortality had dropped to 2 percent among greater psychologists in the 1933 poll. Leuba predicted in 1916 that belief in a personal God and in immortality would continue to drop in greater scientists, a forecast clearly borne out by his second poll in 1933, and he further predicted that the figures would fall even more in the future.
机译：在20世纪，三项民意调查向杰出科学家询问了他们对科学和宗教的态度。布莱恩·莫尔学院的社会学家James H. Leuba于1914年进行了首次研究。他对1910年《美国科学人》中出演的“更大”评选的400位科学家进行了民意测验，他们涉及“个人神”的存在和永生或死后的生命。鲁巴将个人神定义为“希望得到答复的人可以向神祈祷”。他发现这些科学家中有32％相信个人神，37％相信永生。 Leuba在1933年重复了基本相同的调查问卷。在更伟大的科学家中，对个人神的信仰下降到13％，而对永生的信念下降到15％。在两次民意测验中，生物学家对上帝和永生的信仰都少于物理科学家。在1933年的民意测验中，对不朽信仰的信任度已下降至2％。鲁巴（Leuba）在1916年曾预言，对于更伟大的科学家，人们对个人神和永生不朽的信念将继续下降。这一预测在1933年的第二次民意测验中得到了明确证明，并且他进一步预测，这一数字在未来会进一步下降。

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