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首页> 外文期刊>Animal Production Science >Surveys of spraying practices for banana leaf disease control in New South Wales, and an assessment of disease control based on leaf retention at harvest in July
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Surveys of spraying practices for banana leaf disease control in New South Wales, and an assessment of disease control based on leaf retention at harvest in July

机译：调查新南威尔士州香蕉叶病的喷洒方法，并根据7月收获时的叶片滞留情况对病害进行评估

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Commercial 'Williams' banana plantations were surveyed at random on the North Coast of New South Wales during July 1990 and 1991, to determine spraying practices for leaf disease control and their efficacy in relation to leaf retention at harvest. A climatic index (CIP), based on temperature and wetness, indicated environmental conditions were conducive to leaf diseases caused by Mycosphaerella musicola and M. musae over summer and autumn 1990 but were less conducive in 1991, especially in autumn. In 1990, 5 of 44 plantations surveyed on the Mid North Coast (MNC) received no fungicide sprays; the remainder received 1-5 sprays of petroleum oil or oil mixed with propiconazole (mean 3.0 ¦ 1.3) in December-May. Two plantations were sprayed using misting machines, the other 37 were aerially sprayed. The average numbers of leaves remaining on plants with mature bunches ranged from 0.3 to 8.3 (mean 4.7 ¦ 2.2). A spray frequency model indicated that leaves per plant at harvest in July increased with numbers of sprays applied and decreased with increasing damage from wind and frost (r2 = 0.49; d.f. = 40; P<0.01). Another model based on the accumulated CIP from October to July (+CIP), adjusted for the timing and fungicidal effects of each spray, indicated that leaves per plant at harvest decreased with increasing +CIP, and wind and frost damage (r2 = 0.53; d.f. = 40; P<0.01). In 1991,4 of 38 plantations on the MNC and 3 of 32 on the Far North Coast (FNC) received no sprays; the remainder received 1-9 sprays of oil, oil + propiconazole, or oil + protectant fungicide mixtures. Fewer sprays were applied on the MNC in 1991 than 1990, but the timing of sprays remained unchanged. More sprays were applied on the FNC than MNC in 1991, and sprays were applied from December to July. Leaves per plant varied from 4.2 to 12.1 (mean 8.3 ¦ 2.0). The spray frequency model from 1990 predicted leaves per plant in 1991 poorly (r2 = 0.17; d.f. = 68; P<0.01) and with substantial bias, whereas, the CIP model predicted leaves per plant for the MNC and FNC well (r2 = 0.41; d.f. = 68; P<0.01) and without bias. Observations in 1991 on the 70 surveyed plantations indicated that leaf retention also decreased with increasing damage by burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) and banana weevil borer (Cosmopolites sordidus), increasing latitude of the plantation, and decreasing electrical conductivity of the soil solution. These variables accounted for a further 21% of the variation in leaves per plant observed in 1991. Leaf retention was not significantly (P>0.05) related to soil pH or to spraying method (aerial v. ground).
机译：在1990年7月至1991年期间，对新南威尔士州北海岸的商业'威廉斯'香蕉种植园进行了随机调查，以确定控制叶病的喷洒方法及其与收获时叶片滞留有关的功效。基于温度和湿度的气候指数（CIP）表明，在1990年夏季和秋季，环境条件有利于曲霉菌和Mus。musae引起的叶片疾病，但在1991年（特别是在秋季）不利。 1990年，在中北部海岸（MNC）进行调查的44个种植园中，有5个没有喷洒杀真菌剂。其余的在12月至5月接受1-5股石油或与丙康唑混合的油喷雾（平均3.0χ1.3）。使用喷雾机将两个人工林喷洒，其余37个则进行空中喷雾。具有成熟束的植物上残留的平均叶数为0.3到8.3（平均4.7Φ2.2）。喷洒频率模型表明，7月收获时每株植物的叶片随喷洒次数的增加而增加，随风和霜冻损害的增加而减少（r2 = 0.49； d.f。= 40； P <0.01）。根据10月至7月累积CIP（+ CIP）进行的另一种模型（针对每种喷雾的时间和杀真菌效果进行了调整）表明，收获时每株植物的叶子随+ CIP的增加以及风和霜冻损害而减少（r2 = 0.53； df ＝ 40； P ＜0.01）。 1991年，跨国公司38个种植园中有4个，远北海岸32个种植园中有3个没有喷洒喷雾。其余的则接受1到9股油，油+丙环唑或油+保护性杀菌剂混合物的喷雾剂。 1991年，跨国公司使用的喷洒次数少于1990年，但喷洒时间未变。 1991年，对FNC的喷洒次数多于MNC，并且从12月至7月喷洒了喷洒剂。每株植物的叶子从4.2到12.1不等（平均8.3×2.0）。 1990年的喷雾频率模型预测1991年每株植物的叶片差（r2 = 0.17; df = 68; P <0.01）且存在明显偏差，而CIP模型预测MNC和FNC井的每株植物的叶片（r2 = 0.41 ； df = 68； P <0.01）且无偏差。 1991年对70个受调查的人工林的观察表明，随着挖地线虫（Radopholus similis）和香蕉象鼻虫（Cosmopolites sordidus）的损害增加，人工林的纬度增加以及土壤溶液的电导率降低，叶片的滞留性也降低了。这些变量占1991年观察到的每株植物叶片变化的21％。叶片的滞留率与土壤pH值或喷洒方法（航空对地面）无关（P> 0.05）。

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    《Animal Production Science》 |1992年第2期|p.211-216|共6页
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