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Trade and convergence of per capita income in the Indian Ocean Zone, 1950-2008

机译:1950-2008年印度洋地区的贸易和人均收入的收敛

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摘要

This empirical study of per capita income convergence across the countries of the Indian Ocean Zone (IOZ) during 1950-2008 relies on a distribution dynamics approach that employs both stochastic kernels (stacked and high-density region plots) and a nonparametric estimator. During this period, no absolute convergence process of incomes occurs in the IOZ. Nevertheless, a bipolar situation emerges, such that countries with the weakest relative incomes in relation to the IOZ average remain in the same relative position—that is, the poorest countries remain poor. The relatively richest countries (i.e., Australia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore, and Thailand) constitute a convergence club. Use of conditioned distributions shows that the dynamics of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) distributions can be explained both by the openness rate measured as trade/GDP ratio, or a proxy for trade policy, and by manufactured goods exports. However, this result likely confirms that the openness was accompanied by an increase in manufactured goods trade for many of these countries. In addition, openness defined following Sachs and Warner has a less explanatory power than traditional measure. Finally, bilateral trade and trade agreements have limited effects.
机译:这项关于1950-2008年印度洋地区(IOZ)国家人均收入趋同的经验研究依赖于采用分布动态方法的方法,该方法同时使用了随机核(堆积和高密度区域图)和非参数估计量。在此期间,IOZ中没有发生收入的绝对收敛过程。但是,出现了两极局面,相对收入相对于IOZ平均数最弱的国家仍处于相对位置,即最贫穷的国家仍然贫穷。相对最富裕的国家(即澳大利亚,马来西亚,毛里求斯,新加坡和泰国)构成了一个融合俱乐部。条件分布的使用表明,人均国内生产总值(GDP)分布的动态可以通过以贸易/ GDP比率衡量的开放率或贸易政策的替代率以及制成品出口来解释。但是,这一结果很可能证实,在许多国家中,开放伴随着制成品贸易的增加。此外,萨克斯(Sachs)和华纳(Warner)定义的开放性比传统方法具有更少的解释力。最后,双边贸易和贸易协定的影响有限。

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  • 来源
    《The Annals of regional science》 |2012年第3期|657-683|共27页
  • 作者

    Olivier Peron; Serge Rey;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Economics, C.A.T.T., University of Pau et Pays de 1' Adour, Avenue du Doyen Poplawski, B.P. 1633, 64016 Pau Cedex, France;

    Department of Economics, C.A.T.T., University of Pau et Pays de 1' Adour, Avenue du Doyen Poplawski, B.P. 1633, 64016 Pau Cedex, France;

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