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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences >Gravitational Effects on the Weld Pool Shape and Microstructural Evolution During Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Beam Welding of 304 Stainless Steel and Al-4 wt% Cu Alloy
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Gravitational Effects on the Weld Pool Shape and Microstructural Evolution During Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Beam Welding of 304 Stainless Steel and Al-4 wt% Cu Alloy

机译：引力效应对304不锈钢和Al-4 wt％Cu合金的钨极电弧和激光束焊接过程中的熔池形状和组织演变的影响

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摘要

Effects of gravitational acceleration were investigated on the weld pool shape and microstructural evolution for 304 stainless steel and Al-4wt % Cu alloy. Effects of welding heat source were investigated by using laser beam welding (LBW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). As the gravitational level was increased from low gravity (LG ～ 1.2g) to high gravity (HG ～ 1.8g) using a NASA KC-135 aircraft, the weld pool shape for 304 stainless steel was influenced considerably during GTAW. However, insignificant change in the microstructure and solute distribution was observed at gravitational levels between LG and HG. The GTAW on Al-4 wt % Cu alloy was used to investigate the effect of gravitational orientation on the weld solidification behavior. Gravitational orientation was manipulated by varying the welding direction with respect to gravity vector; that is, by welding upward opposing gravity (‖-U) and downward with gravity (‖-D) on a vertical weld piece and welding perpendicular to gravity (⊥) on a horizontal weld piece. Under the same welding conditions, a larger primary dendrite spacing in the ‖-U weld was observed near the weld pool surface and the fusion boundary than in the case of ⊥ or ‖-D welds. The ‖-D weld exhibited different solidification morphology and abnormal S shape of solidification rate curve during its growth. For 304 stainless steel GTAW, significant effects of gravitational orientation were observed on the weld pool shape that was associated with weld surface morphology and convection flow. However, the weld pool shape for LBW was mostly constant with respect to the gravitational orientation.
机译：研究了重力加速度对304不锈钢和Al-4wt％Cu合金的熔池形状和组织演变的影响。通过激光束焊接（LBW）和气体钨极电弧焊（GTAW）研究了焊接热源的影响。当使用NASA KC-135飞机将重力水平从低重力（LG〜1.2g）增加到高重力（HG〜1.8g）时，GTAW期间对304不锈钢的焊池形状产生了很大影响。然而，在重力水平与LG和HG之间观察到微结构和溶质分布的微小变化。 Al-4 wt％Cu合金上的GTAW用于研究重力取向对焊缝凝固行为的影响。通过改变相对于重力矢量的焊接方向来控制重力方向。也就是说，通过在垂直焊缝上焊接反向的重力（′-U），然后在重力下进行焊接（′-D），在水平焊缝上焊接垂直于重力（⊥）的焊缝。在相同的焊接条件下，在pool-U焊缝附近和熔池边界处观察到的--U焊缝中的一次枝晶间距要比⊥或-D焊缝大。 ‖-D焊缝在生长过程中表现出不同的凝固形态和不同的S形凝固速率曲线。对于304不锈钢GTAW，在与熔池表面形态和对流有关的熔池形状中观察到了重力取向的显着影响。但是，LBW的焊池形状在重力方向上基本保持不变。

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