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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences >Sex differences in sympathetic activity in obesity and its related hypertension
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Sex differences in sympathetic activity in obesity and its related hypertension

机译:肥胖症及其相关高血压的交感活动中的性别差异

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The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing in the United States, particularly among women. Approximately 60-70% of hypertension in adults may be directly attributed to obesity. In addition, maternal obesity is a major risk factor for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. The underlying mechanisms for the association between obesity and cardiovascular risk are multifactorial, but activation of the sympathetic nervous system is one significant contributing factor. This brief review summarizes the current knowledge on sex differences in sympathetic activity in obesity and its related hypertension, with a focus on studies in humans. Evidence suggests that abdominal visceral fat, rather than subcutaneous fat, is related to augmented sympathetic activity regardless of sex. Race/ethnicity may affect the relationship between obesity and sympathetic activity. Obesity-related hypertension has an important neurogenic component, which is characterized by sympathetic overactivity. However, sex may influence the association between hypertension and sympathetic overactivity in obese people. Finally, both body weight and sympathetic overactivity seem to be involved in the development of gestational hypertensive disorders in women. Chronic hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance, high plasma levels of leptin, and/or obstructive sleep apnea may be responsible for sympathetic overactivity in obesity-related hypertension.
机译:在美国,肥胖症的发病率正在迅速上升,尤其是在女性中。成人中约60-70%的高血压可直接归因于肥胖。此外,孕妇肥胖是妊娠期高血压疾病的主要危险因素。肥胖与心血管风险之间关联的潜在机制是多因素的,但是交感神经系统的激活是一个重要的促成因素。这篇简短的综述总结了关于肥胖症及其相关高血压的交感活动中的性别差异的当前知识,重点是对人类的研究。有证据表明,不论性别,腹部内脏脂肪而不是皮下脂肪都与交感神经活动增强有关。种族/民族可能会影响肥胖与同情活动之间的关系。肥胖相关的高血压具有重要的神经源性成分,其特征是交感神经过度活跃。但是,性别可能会影响肥胖人群中高血压与交感神经过度活动之间的联系。最后,体重和交感神经过度活动似乎都与妇女妊娠高血压疾病的发展有关。由于胰岛素抵抗,血浆瘦素水平高和/或阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停引起的慢性高胰岛素血症可能是肥胖相关高血压中交感神经过度活跃的原因。

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