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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Materials Research >Linear and Nonlinear Rheology of Living Cells
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Linear and Nonlinear Rheology of Living Cells

机译：活细胞的线性和非线性流变学

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Living cells are an active soft material with fascinating mechanical properties. Under mechanical loading, cells exhibit creep and stress relaxation behavior that follows a power-law response rather than a classical exponential response. Such a response puts cells in the context of soft colloidal glasses and other disordered metastable materials that share the same properties. In cells, however, both the power-law exponent and stiffness are related to the contractile prestress in the cytoskeleton. In addition, cells are made of a highly nonlinear material that stiffens and fluidizes under mechanical stress. They show active and adaptive mechanical behavior such as contraction and remodeling that sets them apart from any other nonliving material. Strikingly, all these observations can be linked by simple relationships with the power-law exponent as the only organizing parameter. Current theoretical models capture specific facets of cell mechanical behavior, but a comprehensive understanding is still emerging.
机译：活细胞是具有令人着迷的机械性能的活性软材料。在机械载荷下，单元格表现出遵循幂律响应而不是经典的指数响应的蠕变和应力松弛行为。这种反应使细胞处于软胶体玻璃和其他具有相同特性的无序亚稳材料的环境中。然而，在细胞中，幂律指数和刚度都与细胞骨架中的收缩预应力有关。另外，电池由高度非线性的材料制成，该材料在机械应力下会变硬并流化。它们表现出主动和自适应的机械行为，例如收缩和重塑，使它们与任何其他非生物材料区分开。令人惊讶的是，所有这些观察结果都可以通过简单的关系与幂律指数作为唯一的组织参数联系起来。当前的理论模型捕获了细胞力学行为的特定方面，但仍在形成全面的理解。

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