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The Law and Economics of Excessive and Unfair Pricing: A Review and a Proposal

机译：定价过高和不公平的法律与经济学：回顾与建议

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摘要

The law on excessive pricing by a dominant firm derives from Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), considered in the United Brands (UB) decision by the European Court of Justice (ECJ). The UB decision described a test that requires an assessment of whether prices are excessive to the point of being unfair in the sense that it has no reasonable relation to economic value of the product supplied (either in itself or in comparison to other products). In this article, we describe a coherent microeconomic framework for understanding the proper relationships between price, economic costs, and economic value. In particular, we propose an economic approach, which we believe courts should adopt to help structure their consideration of allegations of excessive and unfair pricing. While the economics can be very helpful in structuring analysis under both limbs of the UB test, it also makes clear that ultimately judges will need to make a judgment about what is, and what is not, fair pricing by a dominant firm.
机译：一家占主导地位的公司过度定价的法律源于欧洲法院（ECJ）在联合品牌（UB）裁决中审议的《欧盟运作条约》（TFEU）第102条。 UB的决定描述了一项测试，该测试需要评估价格是否过高，以至于与所供应产品的经济价值（本身或与其他产品相比）的经济价值没有合理关系的意义上。在本文中，我们描述了一个连贯的微观经济学框架，用于理解价格，经济成本和经济价值之间的适当关系。特别是，我们提出了一种经济方法，我们认为法院应该采用这种方法，以帮助构建对过高和不公平定价指控的考虑。尽管经济学在UB测试的两个方面对结构分析非常有帮助，但它也清楚地表明，最终法官将需要对主导公司的公平定价进行判断。

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