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Antitrust and Economic History: The Historic Failure of the Chicago School of Antitrust

机译：反托拉斯与经济史：芝加哥反托拉斯学校的历史性失败

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This article presents an historical analysis of the antitrust laws. Its central contention is that the history of antitrust can only be understood in light of U.S. economic history and the succession of dominant economic policy regimes that punctuated that history. The antitrust laws and a subset of other related policies have historically focused on the negative consequences resulting from the rise, expansion, and dominance of big business. Antitrust specifically uses competition as its tool to address these problems. The article traces the evolution of the emergence, growth, and expansion of big business over six economic eras: the Gilded Age, the Progressive Era, the New Deal, the post–World War II Era, the 1970s, and the era of neoliberalism. It considers three policy regimes: laissez-faire during the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, the New Deal, policy regime from the Depression through the early 1970s, and the neoliberal policy regime that dominates today and includes the Chicago School of antitrust. The principal conclusion of the article is that the activist antitrust associated with the New Deal that existed from the late 1930s to the 1960s resulted in far stronger economic performance than have the policies of the Chicago School that have dominated antitrust policy since the 1980s.
机译：本文介绍了反托拉斯法的历史分析。它的中心论点是只能根据美国的经济历史以及贯穿该历史的主导经济政策体制的继承来理解反托拉斯的历史。历史上，反托拉斯法和其他相关政策的子集一直侧重于大企业的崛起，扩张和主导地位所带来的负面影响。反托拉斯专门使用竞争作为解决这些问题的工具。本文追溯了六个经济时代：镀金时代，进步时代，新政，第二次世界大战后时代，1970年代和新自由主义时代，大企业的出现，增长和扩展的演变。它考虑了三种政策制度：镀金时代和进步时代的自由放任，新政，从大萧条到1970年代初的政策制度，以及今天占据主导地位并包括芝加哥反托拉斯学院的新自由主义政策制度。该文章的主要结论是，与1930年代末至1960年代末存在的与新政相关的激进主义反托拉斯所带来的经济绩效要比自1980年代以来一直主导反托拉斯政策的芝加哥学派的政策强得多。

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